... did not. There were two main groups of people in this debate; the Federalists and the Antifederalists. The Federalists wanted the larger and more powerful national government in order to unify the Americans that the Constitution would create, while the Antifederalists feared the problems that could arise from this arrangement. The Antifederalists believed that the United States was too ... big to be governed the way the Constitution directed, because of the differing values and interests. In a large republic, representatives would be unable to personally know those ... it is today. The...

• Word Count: 1653
• Approx Pages: 7

... of the September 11th terrorist attacks. Attorney General John Ashcroft has played a pivotal role in ushering in a new era of heightened security and lessened civil liberties. Under Ashcroft's direction Congress has passed several pieces of legislation, namely the USA Patriot Act, which amends the Foreign Intelligence ... It is illegal under the Act for librarians to inform patrons of FBI requests. Law enforcement official could abuse their power of search and seizure and the public would never know. In a survey done in December of 2001, 10% of libraries serving populations of over 5,00...

• Word Count: 1358
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Following the Revolutionary War, many tribulations arose in the newly independent thirteen colonies. Problems such as disunity, slavery, foreign/interstate relations, land disputes, and national debt led to the formation of the Articles of Confederation in 1777. America's first constitution, however, only lasted ten years until fifty-five delegates met in Philadelphia ... 173 despots [in legislation] would surely be as oppressive as one."" In conclusion, many of the problems that faced the nation in the post Revolutionary period led up to the Articles of Confederation, however weak and uncoop...

• Word Count: 1336
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it wants to get grant money. Mandates apply to all state governments whether or not they accept grants and tell the state government what it must do. Stated in general terms, mandates seem reasonable enough, however, some mandates create administrative and financial problems. The implication of mandates is that when the Federal Government spends less on something it wants done, it ... squeezes the states to spend more for that purpose. Moreover, certain Federal tax and regulatory policies make it difficult and expensive for states to raise revenues, borrow funds, or privatize ... was no...

• Word Count: 1375
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... an overall failure because it didn't establish an effective central government, and created many problems in both the central government and the state governments with topics such as the economy, representation in Congress and foreign situations. A weakness of the Articles of Confederation was the inability to tax and the inability to regulate foreign and interstate commerce. First, there was an enormous amount of nation debt ... of the economy. Pointed out in a letter from the Rhode Island Assembly to Congress, "Because it would be unequal in its operation, bearing hardest on the most ...

• Word Count: 1623
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the whim of political party bosses. Some want a return to an emphasis on dual federalism as a returning of power to a government closer to the people, and therefore under better popular control. There are many problems with this, however, as many states found in the Reagan era. President Reagan was a strong advocate of states rights ... confederation will not become more aggressive than each state separately. Federations can promote economic prosperity by removing internal barriers to trade, through economies of scale, by establishing and maintaining inter-sub-unit trade agreements, or b...

• Word Count: 2255
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... force a group of Americans to take part in any subject dealing with religion. Examples of this are the Star-Spangled Banner, pledge of allegiance, and prayer. Government officials are supposed to be impartial to religion or, rather, the public is not supposed to know where officials stand on this ... of prayers before people sit down to eat. The separation of church and state has been a debated topic in the public school realm. Even back when James Madison was president, he had to deal with the problems of church and state. He had to veto a land grant where Congress surveyed the ... la...

• Word Count: 1311
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... force a group of Americans to take part in any subject dealing with religion. Examples of this are the Star-Spangled Banner, pledge of allegiance, and prayer. Government officials are supposed to be impartial to religion or, rather, the public is not supposed to know where officials stand on this ... of prayers before people sit down to eat. The separation of church and state has been a debated topic in the public school realm. Even back when James Madison was president, he had to deal with the problems of church and state. He had to veto a land grant where Congress surveyed the ... la...

• Word Count: 1272
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

... all the circumstances, of the search. This interpretation of the Fourth Amendment basically amounts to a 'junior version' of the Fourth Amendment for students in public schools. Instead of probable cause and a warrant-which are typically required for a search-a school only needs reasonable suspicion, a much weaker standard, to search a student. In this landmark case, the Court explained that it ... searching a student would slow down the disciplinary process in schools. School officials have an interest in keeping schools safe and creating the best learning environment possible for stud...

• Word Count: 2436
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... North Carolina gun control laws do not allow fully automatic firearms and unlicensed handguns and require applicants that are eligible to wait thirty days in order to receive an obscured handgun. Gun Control legislation has caused many problems for our societies today. Most states have the "Stand ... in District of Columbia v. Heller held that the second amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm, unconnected to service in a militia, and protects the right to use that firearm for traditional lawful purposes such as self-defense in a home.2 There is another Supreme Cou...

• Word Count: 1528
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... arguments are more important, not only by the need for protection, but because the restriction of ownership rights could become threatening to personal freedom and the U.S. constitution. On December 15 1791, Virginia ratified the Bill of Rights making it, with the second amendment, part of the ... to travel, a person can transport a firearm from place to where they may lawfully possess a firearm. In a car the firearm must be unloaded and in the trunk. In vehicles with no trunk, the unloaded firearm must be stored in a locked container," (Law). Although, there are some supporters ... gun...

• Word Count: 2456
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... even received a day to honor what he did for the nation. After he passed away, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference helped for Congress to come up with the Foreign Intelligence and Surveillance Act. It consisted of having a judge, before wiretapping, to verify that any special case being investigated like this, met the requirements in order to conduct the surveillance. This ... Issues, Al Gore expresses "Whenever power is unchecked and unaccountable it almost inevitably leads to mistakes and abuses. In the absence of rigorous accountability, incompetence flourishes. Dishonesty is...

• Word Count: 1471
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Marbury v. Madison showed a couple different things about constructionist views during the time period. Although the power of judicial review is not explicitly stated in the Constitution, John Marshall and the Federalists helped to establish that power. This stayed consistent with the broad constructionist point of view of the Federalists. But, they also declared the Judiciary Act of 1789 ... because of the power the president had to make a treaty. This was a very odd act for the Republicans. The Republicans, who were previously strict constructionists, were implying powers and acting l...

• Word Count: 2096
• Approx Pages: 8

... regardless if we officially declare war against them doesn't matter. We are in fact responding with military action in their war and therefore we should consider them enemies of war. The 1993 World Trade Center bombing trials brought to reality many critical problems and risks with a civilian trial. The information exposed during the court proceedings divulged US intelligence on terrorist organizations ... and compromised the security interests of the US. The trial of Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman was the perfect example of the critical ... system has inadvertently made it nearly impossibl...

• Word Count: 1998
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the EU without a written constitution; this severely damages our sovereignty in Europe. Constitutional conventions are "practices relating to the exercise of their functions by the crown, the government, parliament and the judiciary" 1. Although these are commonly followed they are not legally enforceable. These therefore may be lost with time through the decisions of a future "radical" leader; this risk ... normal practice in present day life. The unwritten constitution was a very traditional British characteristic with traditional "ideas". Formally documenting the constitution would gre...

• Word Count: 1844
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... extreme approach, one that would work to improve the existing system of government framed in the Articles of Confederation. The Anti-Federalist preferred the union as it was "well constructed and protective of its citizen's liberties."" They believed as Montesquieu did that democracy could only succeed in a small nearly homogeneous republic. Based on this belief the Anti-Federalist argued that ... first number, as one of the reasons against going into an entire consolidation of the states."" Anti-federalist believed that through a system of delegated republicanism in which the executive a...

• Word Count: 1372
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the people's idol" (Weisberger 2). These two men would wage war on one another, albeit a bloodless one, which would forever alter America's history and political landscape. In 1822, at the age of 37, Nicholas Biddle became the president of the Second Bank of the United States. This name, ... It could issue bank notes, was not required to pay state taxes, and it was understood that Congress was not to charter any comparable institution (D"Urso 4). From the day it was created it faced serious problems -- private business could not be clearly or easily separated from its public ... functi...

• Word Count: 1472
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the sense that the existence of a broad consensus on the rules of the game' has meant that the constitution has not acted as a focus for social and political conflict and change. The apolitical constitution has provided a settled context within which a predominately High Tory' constitutional doctrine has flourished. Britain's established constitutional doctrine has three defining characteristics: ... civil liberties gap, New Labour and the New Politics. Continued economic decline, the unresolved Irish and Scottish questions, the mounting pressures of European integration and public ...

• Word Count: 1384
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , "Lower Counties," which represented the land on the west bank of the Delaware River Bay, to establish home rules, ease the pressure on overall government and solve problems more efficiently. For his work and achievements through these Frames, Thomas Jefferson recognized William Penn as, "the first, either in ancient or modern times, who has laid the foundation of government in ... the pure and unadulterated principles in peace, in reason and of right." Not only did the Pennsylvanian Charters put in place a modern way of governing by creating a bicameral parliament ... as the first cit...

• Word Count: 1692
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... complicated to make a simple change/addition of words. States can choose to make restrictions to state laws as long as it follows the amendments and the U.S. Constitution. For example, states can take different paths when it comes to the death penalty as long as it is constitutional. " ... the government cannot promise safety. For the time being, "The government cannot guarantee the safety of its citizens. Protecting oneself and family is a personal duty and the government should not impede the ability of responsible adults to defend themselves". With the number of citizens increasin...

• Word Count: 1478
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... Judge Timothy Black ruled that, "when a state effectively terminates the marriage of a same-sex couple married in another jurisdiction, it intrudes into the realm of private marital, family, and intimate relations specifically protected by the Supreme Court" (Oyez). Judge Black's logical explanation of his ruling help set a precedent that other same-sex plaintiffs would use in the coming years ... for valid same-sex marriages violates the United States Constitution's guarantee of equal protection under the law, even under the most deferential standard of review. Accordingly, Kentucky's s...

• Word Count: 1936
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... outcasts. They open up the unity of the country due to the disenfranchisement laws making them unable to vote. Only two states, Maine and Vermont allow convicted felons to vote during their incarceration. The number of disenfranchised citizens in the United States have been increasing substantially in ... many people believed that voting was not a right but a privilege. Earlier in American culture, only white males over the age of twenty-one and owned land were allowed to vote. In 1868 the fourteenth amendment was passed which allowed African Americans to vote. However, it wasn't until ...

• Word Count: 1439
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography

... taking in to custody the crimes evidence. The nature of a search constitutes an interference of a person's right to privacy, as well as, a constitutional condition against any unreasonable search and seizure. When there is a violation by law enforcement of constitutional protection, then the action would be inadmissibility in court for any evidence that was obtained. Four Categories Subject to Search ... can determine the criminal activity that has taken place. An officer can obtain information through various methods, such as, receives a call over the radio by dispatch or confidential i...

• Word Count: 1726
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... help lead a successful campaign that resulted in the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920, Aided in the Equal Rights Amendment and gave women the right to vote in the United States. Alice Paul was born on January 11, 1885, in Moorestown, New Jersey. Alice Paul's ... go with her mother when she was a young girl to attend suffrage meetings. This is where Alice primarily learned about the suffrage movement and formed her strong commitment to social justice. Alice attended Moorestown Friends School, where she then graduated at the top of her entire class. .....

• Word Count: 1437
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... believe that in the short time the act has been in effect, it has already prevented further terrorist attacks on the U.S. by broadening our defenses against conventional weapons and biological warfare ("President"), and questioning the intelligence of law officials ("Terrorist"). Advances such as these, protecting America against terrorist attacks, show that America in fact needs to raise the bar of security ... allows members of the government to label practically anyone as an "enemy combatant." By doing this, government agents are then able to put suspects in military detention indefin...

• Word Count: 2045
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate