... what it intends "It is important to remember that even the best constructed norm-referenced tests (even properly translated) will only provide limited information about what these students know" (Basterra, 1999). Examples of cultural and language biased questions According to the Barron's review (1998) there is a section titled "Review Quiz" on p. 181. Question #5 states, "Where were African ... slaves first brought to America?" The correct answer according to the book is "Jamestown in 1619". Inherent in this question are several flaws. First, the question asks about "America" and does n...

• Word Count: 3267
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... does not have a purpose unless it has both a meaning and a grammatical place in a sentence, and some would probably want to include the use of the words as phatic and emotive expressions. How, though, do you ascertain when this purpose becomes a "useful purpose"? Can it be deemed useful ... merely by having a purpose at all? That question, fundamentally, presents the answer. One must consider the original purpose of language: to aid in transferring knowledge or ideas or even emotions from one person to another. Therefore, any ... The new question would look something like: Do the words ...

• Word Count: 3630
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... his or herself (Gardoski 54). Direct and indirect euthanasia deals with who acts. Direct euthanasia is ending a life by one's direct act. Indirect euthanasia is ending a life through another person's act. Four types of euthanasia deal with how the act is performed. Passive euthanasia is ending a life by not taking action, while active euthanasia is ending a life through an overt ... 2003, but immediately the legislature put "The Act" into place. Governor of Florida, Jeb Bush, encroached upon his power by putting this act into place (Campo-Flores 50). "The Act" was specifically for Schiav...

• Word Count: 2895
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... in January of 1992. Considered a "Bill of Rights for Americans with a wide variety of disabilities" the act applies to employment, public accommodations, transportation, telecommunications, State and the federal government (Holley, Jennings, Wolters, 2001, p. 424). The passage of the ADA "expanded the scope and impact of laws and regulations" on discrimination against individuals with disabilities (Jackson, Mathis, 2003, ... p. 112). The ADA affects more than just employment matters. All employers with 15 or more employees, fall under the provisions of the ADA. The EEOC is responsible f...

• Word Count: 2900
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... arise is gender. It is important for corporations to treat men and women equally. It is so important, in fact, that it became law under Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. This act is the most important federal employment discrimination statute. "Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, and national origin (Fisher 426)." There are many ... different types of discriminations based on gender and the most obvious is salary discrimination. The Equal Pay Act (EPA) forbids sexual discrimination regarding pay. Title VII took that one step further to...

• Word Count: 2975
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and privacy, it was passed by a huge margin. America had not seen the bill not to mention had time to review the 326-page document. Purposeful or not, has the government used the terrorist attacks of 9/11/01 to watch over the people of the United States? Has the PATRIOT Act given the federal government too much power? Is Americas privacy at stake? Terrorism is defined ... Wire, Oral, And Electronic Communications Relating To Computer Fraud And Abuse Offenses. Sec. 203(b), (d). Authority To Share Criminal Investigative Information. Sec. 206. Roving Surveillance Authority Under The Foreign...

• Word Count: 4145
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• Has Bibliography

... up roar of new settlers because it repealed an earlier piece of legislation that determined a quota system based on national origin. The 1965 act established a new immigration policy based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States.1 The president at the time, Lyndon B. Johnson, new that this bill was not revolutionary but it was a starting point and hopefully America would ... or guardian of a child who is a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident.2 Efforts to preserve and protect families are important considerations when it comes to immigration ...

• Word Count: 3003
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... over exposed on television and in newspapers do not constitute "fact" for the remainder of the population. There are two gun control laws that form the basis for all other gun control laws we have today; the National Firearms Act of 1934 and the Gun Control Act of 1968. However, there are roughly 300 other major federal and state laws created ... (ATF, 2011). The taxing of the aforementioned firearms was believed to decrease the "significant crime problem" they caused according to Congress. The 1968 Act broadened the 1934 Act and included the prohibition of mail order sales, interstate...

• Word Count: 4157
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... , it also "recommended continuing the president's powers to combat the Klan through the use of federal troops, courts, an suspension o the writ of habeas corpus. Passed by Congress shortly after the formation of the Joint Select Committee, the Ku Klux Klan Act of Eighteen Seventy-One was a major step in the fight against the attacks by the Klan and put their prosecution in the hands of the federal government. The act "established federal criminal penalties ... . They became more frequent with the invoking of the act and the issuing of the report as the Klan leaders felt they would "be sup...

• Word Count: 2591
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , museums and other segregated places. In my opinion the Greensboro sit-ins were the starting line for the entire Civil Rights Movement. This was the flame that started the fire that burned strongly throughout the 1960's up until the Civil Rights Act was signed thereby giving African Americans the same rights as all other Americans. This was a brave act indeed and literally started an entire movement that has ... is widely credited with being a major force in helping to pass the Civil Rights Act in 1964 as well as the Voting Rights Act in 1965. In my opinion the March of Washington was ...

• Word Count: 3205
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... but did not apply to the territories of the United States. The Virgin Islands were able to dodge the Prohibition Act until 1921. The Willis-Campbell Act brought national prohibition of alcohol to the territories. This devastated the Virgin Islands economy, especially in St. Croix. The Virgin Islands petitioned the federal government for exceptions, assistance, even that Prohibition was against the treaty transferring the Virgin Islands from Denmark to the U.S. The petitions went upon deft ... but did not apply to the territories of the United States. The Virgin Islands were able to dodg...

• Word Count: 7355
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... have argued that special programs and resources were essential to guarantee genuine equality of education to disadvantaged youth. Title I (later called Chapter I) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 provided federal funds for supplementary education programs targeted toward poor and black children. Most of these funds were spent on young children, ... education programs for preschoolers and remains one of the most admired achievements of the War on Poverty programs of the 1960s. The federal government has also provided financial assistance for educational programs for o...

• Word Count: 7852
• Approx Pages: 31
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... what it sounds like. It required colonial citizens to provide shelter and supplies for British soldiers. This of course, did sit well with the colonist and they began to once again fight the British ruling. The Stamp Act also was also not accepted by colonial citizens because of its rise in essential products price. Some of these items, which fell under this ... tax were, Newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards (American Rev. 1). Once again the colonists rose up together. This was the beginning of the Sons of Liberty, a secret organization whose purpose was to frighten the agents...

• Word Count: 3916
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School

... terrorism under this definition. There can be physical terrorism such as the homeland and was an act of defense of this belief, of coercion and intimidation that cost the lives of 3,062 civilians on that day. While the world was shaken by the attack and the loss of so many lives, the world should recall the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (6 August, 1945) and later on Nagasaki ... , and in Nagasaki, 39,000 dead and 25,000 injured. On 10 August, four days after the bombing of Hiroshima and the day after the attack on Nagasaki the Japanese government requested that it is permitted...

• Word Count: 3666
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... force of arms to compel a State to remain in the Union," was not among the "... enumerated powers granted to Congress." the National Banking Act and the authorization of United States Notes by the Legal Tender Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1861 introduced the income tax to help finance the war. In December 1860, the Crittenden Compromise was proposed to re-establish the Missouri Compromise line by constitutionally banning slavery in territories ... to the north of the line while guaranteeing it to the south. The adoption of ... ...

• Word Count: 7511
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• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... force of arms to compel a State to remain in the Union," was not among the "... enumerated powers granted to Congress." the National Banking Act and the authorization of United States Notes by the Legal Tender Act of 1862. The Revenue Act of 1861 introduced the income tax to help finance the war. In December 1860, the Crittenden Compromise was proposed to re-establish the Missouri Compromise line by constitutionally banning slavery in territories ... to the north of the line while guaranteeing it to the south. The adoption of ... ...

• Word Count: 6922
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... of domestic terrorism also keeps on changing to incorporate new acts as the nature of terror keeps on changing. The USA Patriot Act describes acts of domestic terrorism as those involving dangerous acts to human life most of which also violate criminal laws of the US or of any State. The Act further explain domestic terror acts to those intended to intimidate or instill a ... sense of fear in the civilian population as well as influence government policy through intimidation. The Act also describes acts of domestic terrorism to be those meant to affect ... the operations of government ...

• Word Count: 3221
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... U.S. government policy to remove Indians to the unsettled territory in the west. Many tribes in the East were bribed, coerced, or forced to move to reservations west of the Mississippi River, leading to incidents such as the Trail of Tears in the late 1830's. The Trail of Tears was the forced relocation of Native American tribes following the Indian Removal Act of 1830 passed by Andrew Jackson. This ... for many years among white immigrants. Even Thomas Jefferson, who often cited the Great Law of Peace of the Iroquois Confederacy as the model for the U.S. Constitution, supported Indian R...

• Word Count: 2993
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Culture has a way of determining the way in which the economy of a given country gets a handle. The economic implications of Black Americans differ from that of other minority groups. The Civil Rights act in 1964, together with the heightening economic growth brought about the increased earnings. The changes also raised education level and income from school. However, the trends also came hand in hand ... with changes in the structure of families. The level of income in the family deteriorated, especially in single parent families. The inequalities worsen the problems facing the Black co...

• Word Count: 2870
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that offered a comprehensive platform that enhanced entry of immigrants into the United States. One of the most comprehensive factors that enhanced entry into the United States is the policies that were set after that Second World War. The 1965 Immigration Act of the United States occurs as one of the most comprehensive policies enacted after the World War II, which made it easy for immigrants to ... various immigrants in the United States including Asians, Africans, as well as the Europeans. Despite the fact that the above connoted act was in favour of immigrants displaced by the World W...

• Word Count: 2766
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... two prominent pieces of legislation were voted upon on the United States Congress. SOPA (Stop Online Piracy Act) and PIPA (Protect IP Act) caused much debate and backlash from the American public (Broes). These pieces of legislation sought to curtail the act of piracy by targeting the middleman of file-sharing operations rather than the distributor and the downloader. However, it is worth nothing that most ... of piracy when adjusted for individuals and market sectors. One must assume a moral cost of piracy when comparing the wide spectrum of illegal file sharers and legitimate consumers...

• Word Count: 2876
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... his interrogators accused him of to make the pain stop. The interrogators likely felt justified in their actions because he eventually confessed making the ends justify the means. Ironically enough, Mayer states that the individual was released a year after his capture and no charges were filed against him. How is torture defined? Merriam-Webster defines torture as the act of causing severe physical pain as a ... form of punishment or as a way to force someone to do or say something. The United Nations Convention Against Torture describes torture as, any act by which severe pain or suff...

• Word Count: 2557
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... behavior. A youth might have a father with a criminal history or one that belongs to a gang. They may have a father who is a bully. Having this type of model growing up can cause the youth to follow in the same footsteps as them. Siblings act similarly especially if they have a close bond with each other. This means that if a sibling is involved in delinquent behavior ... of violence is Grand Theft Auto. When people play these games or watch these shows they may become desensitized. The first act of violence is the most difficult, and every subsequent act becomes more comfortable. So if...

• Word Count: 3291
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... companies gave extra emphasis on shale formations. It included areas such as Texas, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Utah and Wyoming. The expansion in exploration was assisted by a landmark study that was conducted by the Energy Policy Act, in 2004. This study discovered that hydraulic fracturing created no threat to any underground water supplies that supplied drinking water to ... civilians. It enabled fracking to become exempted by the Safe Drinking Act, in the Policy Act concerning Energy of 2005 known as the "Halliburton Loophole." Clean Water Action states, despite [fracking...

• Word Count: 2970
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... punished, not only for the immediate violent act, but as the deserved outcome for previous incidents for which they blame themselves. WARNING SIGNS The goal here is to identify the warning signs, to understand what has gone wrong, and to steer the child toward the resources needed to address the problems before further suffering occurs. The Early Warning Signs I. Biological Illness- Injury to the cortex or limbic system, ... out of it-. Warning signs can be identified and dealt with long before the child reaches the stage of violence. 2. Multiple warning signs may suggest a greater risk ...

• Word Count: 3997
• Approx Pages: 16
• Grade Level: High School