... outlawed and dealt with brutally. In the Soviet Union, another totalitarian state, the opposition also was always illegal until the collapse of the empire with the brief exception of Alexander Kerensky's provisional government in 1917. The dissident movement had a long history of persecutions in Russia starting from Czarist times when great national poets and writers such as ... is enormous--for many years his voice was believed to be Russia's conscience and hope for the democratic future. He is by no means less respected in Russia than Alexander Solzhenitsyn whose extraordinary literary...

• Word Count: 4394
• Approx Pages: 18
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... after it. In 1956 one of them was told to the writer S.S. Smirnov in the letter by the platoon commander of ammunition supply of the 84th rifle regiment, the foreman Alexander Ivanovich Durasov. One of the defenders of the fortress A.I. Durasov was taken prisoner. Being in captivity, prisoners of the war were made to work in Brest, the Jews from ghetto ... ...

• Word Count: 9116
• Approx Pages: 36
• Grade Level: High School

... Provisional Government). This decline only proved temporary, however. On November 7, 1917 (October 25 on the Soviet calendar), the Bolsheviks seized power in a relatively bloodless coup, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky. Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October Revolution itself, he was shortly thereafter appointed, by Lenin, to the position of People's Commissar for Nationalities within the new ... ...

• Word Count: 7507
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Provisional Government). This decline only proved temporary, however. On November 7, 1917 (October 25 on the Soviet calendar), the Bolsheviks seized power in a relatively bloodless coup, overthrowing the Provisional Government of Alexander Kerensky. Although Stalin apparently had no role in the October Revolution itself, he was shortly thereafter appointed, by Lenin, to the position of People's Commissar for Nationalities within the new ... ...

• Word Count: 7028
• Approx Pages: 28
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... meant colossal destruction of each other and everyone else on Earth. Tensions between Russia and the West have been high throughout history. In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, Tsar Alexander was quite prepared to use the congress to pursue the traditional aims of foreign policy, in particular the aims of westward expansion and European dominance, which greatly angered the Western ... ...

• Word Count: 3123
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: High School

... now willing to supply the necessary military aid to stop a fascist regime being established in Spain. Stalin encouraged the Comintern to organise the formation of International Brigades. He also sent Alexander Orlov of the NKVD to advise the Popular Front government. Orlov supervised a large-scale guerrilla operation behind Nationalist lines. He later claimed that around 14,000 people had been trained ... ...

• Word Count: 3763
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... this matter. The Watergate investigation eventually exposed a long series of illegal activities in the Nixon Administration. For years Nixon was carrying on the crimes and they weren't noticed until 1972. Alexander Butterfield, a former White House official, testified in July 1973 that Nixon had taped conversations in his office. Prosecutor Cox subpoenaed tapes relevant to the investigation. Nixon refused to release them ... ...

• Word Count: 2504
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... Russians have even explained that the information they gained from the sketches given by Julius Rosenberg is completely insignificant, and that they already had the knowledge. In the mid 1990's, Alexander Feklisov confessed of Julius Rosenberg's involvement of Russia. The former top KGB Agent insisted that "the atomic information the Russians obtained from Rosenberg was insignificant" and that Soviet Experts "couldn ... ...

• Word Count: 3028
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography