... Remarkable History of New York City written by Jane Mushabac and Angela Wigan, which shed light on who the first settlers were. Not surprisingly, it was a Native American tribe called 'Lenapes ("the people")'4 who began settling New York City in the middle of the 14th century. According to Mushabac and ... at WCS to envision as precisely as possible what the island of Manhattan might have looked like before the city took root. The Mannahatta Project, as it's called (after the Lenape people's name for "island of many hills"), is an effort to turn back the clock to the afternoon of Sep...

• Word Count: 3406
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and violence occurred in Greenwich Village in New York City in June 1969. Police raided a bar frequented by gays, lesbians, and transgendered people called The Stonewall Inn. Police raids were a very prevalent and often violent occurrence at the time, typically ending up with the arrests of anyone underage ... twelve years they had been together or the three children they had raised together. About twelve hours after the attack, Ms. Flyzik's sister called the airline to gather information and delivered the crushing news to Ms. Walsh. Although the women had named each other as insurance b...

• Word Count: 4166
• Approx Pages: 17
• Has Bibliography

... . . . are part of one world of uncontrollable predators. " For Glazer, a government's inability to control even a minor crime like graffiti signaled to citizens that it certainly couldn't handle more serious ones. Disorder, therefore, was creating a crisis that threatened all segments of urban life (Kelling, 2009, p.1). Society's view on social ... mid 1990's Giuliani's, "Get Tough on Crime"" initiative began. In the research article written by Bruce D. Johnson, Andrew Goluba and James McCabe called "The international implications of quality-of-life policing as practiced in New York City...

• Word Count: 3152
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography

... breakers; there are nests of the narcotics, thieving, stealing, cheating and every conceivable kind of law breaking" (Bourgois, 48). Population of the so-called "Spanish Harlem" is mostly Hispanic, specifically Puerto Ricans who have emigrated from Puerto Rico throughout the 1900s. Puerto Rico was a poor island since ... certain resource, or a knack (Lecture, 4/5/2003). An indication of cultural capital is when an individual has an ability to use theoretical knowledge. Moreover, "it is when an individual can use power and ability to use symbols, props, and implements of cultural form" (...

• Word Count: 3236
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... linked bedazzled teenagers around the nation, and quickly around the world, into the common enterprise of being young. Rock was rough, raw, insistent, especially by comparison with the music it replaced; it whooped and groaned, shook, rattled, and rolled. Rock was clamor, the noise of youth submerged by order and prosperity, now frantically clawing their way out. The winds of change ... independence. The 50's and all its political, and social change, was only the breeding ground for the free thinking generation that was to follow. In America, a group of militant blacks called the "Black P...

• Word Count: 3259
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... essays and in interviews, that she does not paint "scientific discoveries or philosophies" but what she has called "the holiday state of mind." However it is defined, her paintings give an ineffable pleasure to those who allow themselves the time to absorb the ... subtle nuances of line and tonalities that make complex networks of seemingly simple geometric patterns. As the Artforum critic Lizzie Borden put it, they demand "a higher degree of consciousness as the response of the viewer to almost invisible events." Agnes Martin was born in ... sheet of drawing paper, became the dominant ...

• Word Count: 3087
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... successfully create fashion photography images one of the key aspects are the models. In 1923 the first modeling agency opened in New York City called The John Robert Powers Agency (Johnrobertpowers.net, 2013). From that point on the modeling industry has grown in importance and demand. This industry ... Ray retouched the photograph to make her naked back appear like a violin. At the time this piece was considered as a Surrealist image, now it applies to fashion photography as well. His success in the industry continued with his career influencing many photographers to come. Man Ray, Ki...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... where there are no longer any tenable rules of action, culture's every result propels it toward its own dissolution. Just like philosophy the moment it achieved its full independence, every discipline, once it becomes autonomous, is bound to collapse.""(Debord 131) In the late 1960's, Andy Warhol promoted a band called "Velvet Underground." The composer, Lou Reed is still considered by many to be the ... , of the band Suicide gives this account of an early day Iggy performance: As punk rock became better known it migrated across the United States. Punk was alive in the Los Angeles and Sa...

• Word Count: 3241
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... a tool to help people achieve greater levels within their own hierarchy of needs. B. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, (the two factor theory) comes from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. It is called the two-factor theory because Herzberg felt that satisfaction and dissatisfaction are the key ingredients for a worker. Hygiene factors (extrinsic, dissatisfaction) are those outside the job itself that influence the ... groups. McGregor's Human Side of Enterprise Douglas McGregor's 1960 book, "The Human Side of Enterprise examined theories on behavior of individuals at work. McGrego...

• Word Count: 3508
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

... in separate places from the other stones. The Romans invented fairly simple yet effective machines to assist in the construction. The first machine was called the goat. It was used to lift heavy loads either off a ship or up the arcade. Slaves provided the power necessary for this device by walking ... around in a wheel that pulled a rope up. The next machine was called the sheep. The purpose of this was to drive in posts. Two men would hoist a weight up the structure and then release it to drive in the post. To construct the arcades, scaffolding was built along ... water, balance out t...

• Word Count: 5087
• Approx Pages: 20
• Grade Level: High School

... anything, contribute to increased criminal violence because they deny guns to honest citizens but not to criminals. "Gun control laws might be accurately called victim disarmament laws."(?) Armed citizens pose a risk of punishment to criminals - perhaps more so than does the criminal justice system. Gun ... deterrent effect on violent crime and burglary as the criminal justice system does. The battle over gun control Is not about controlling inanimate objects; it is about controlling people. To extend gun controls would make the nation better for criminals and worse for the rest of us. 2...

• Word Count: 5482
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: High School

... willing to trade. In 1624, the Dutch West India Company sent 110 people to the island that Hudson discovered. The thirty French-speaking Protestant families, called Walloons, were to set up a base for privateering and fur trading. The Pilgrims had come to Manhattan Island earlier, which was made possible by ... from outsiders. The flimsy wall was torn down in 1699, and the street which replaced it was called Wall Street. In 1660, many roads have been built, including Broadway. New Amsterdam did not grow as fast as it should have grown due to several factors. The fur trade and piracy, Indi...

• Word Count: 4369
• Approx Pages: 17
• Grade Level: High School

... In the early eighties, a New York University student named Rick Rubin began to sell rap records (1997). At the same time, a New Yorker called Tom Silverman was selling Afrika Bambaattaa records (1997). Several years later, Rubin, along with Russell Simmons, helped to create the single most successful white rap ... Soon, a whole contingent of Jewish men, along with a few women, were drawn to that music (Forward, 1997). In fact, a Jewish rap group called Blood of Abraham soon surfaced (1997). During the very beginnings of rap, there was social significance. The music and lyrics held some pr...

• Word Count: 2775
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... enterprising brewers to build very large firms capable of large production volumes and wide distribution. Led by Pabst of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Annheuser Busch of St. Louis, Missouri, these so-called "shipping brewers" sought to expand their markets. There were even smaller brewing companies, like Hoster of Columbus, Ohio, that shipped beer across the country. The aggressiveness of brewers trying ... side business ventures to scrape together enough money to support themselves. Gambling, cock-fighting, and prostitution were three big things that took place in saloons. It was no surpris...

• Word Count: 3601
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... enterprising brewers to build very large firms capable of large production volumes and wide distribution. Led by Pabst of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Annheuser Busch of St. Louis, Missouri, these so-called "shipping brewers" sought to expand their markets. There were even smaller brewing companies, like Hoster of Columbus, Ohio, that shipped beer across the country. The aggressiveness of brewers trying ... side business ventures to scrape together enough money to support themselves. Gambling, cock-fighting, and prostitution were three big things that took place in saloons. It was no surpris...

• Word Count: 3601
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... enterprising brewers to build very large firms capable of large production volumes and wide distribution. Led by Pabst of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and Annheuser Busch of St. Louis, Missouri, these so-called "shipping brewers" sought to expand their markets. There were even smaller brewing companies, like Hoster of Columbus, Ohio, that shipped beer across the country. The aggressiveness of brewers trying ... side business ventures to scrape together enough money to support themselves. Gambling, cock-fighting, and prostitution were three big things that took place in saloons. It was no surpris...

• Word Count: 3604
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... people. This unofficial "Invasion of the British- began towards the 12th century and eventually set off an anti-Irish Catholic campaign in Ireland. It began when British King Henry II used a falsely signed document from the Pope that sanctioned the invasion of the British. This was very disconcerting ... for the neighborhood. They were unfamiliar with plumbing and running water. These living conditions bred sickness and early death. In the Mid 1850's, it was estimated that 80% of all infants born to Irish immigrants in New York City died. Their brogue and dress provoked ridicule; their ...

• Word Count: 2562
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... effectiveness, and classification in the forensic field. From the inquiries in the 'frequently asked questions' area of many psychology associated web pages, it appears that forensics is one of the most misunderstood of psychological disciplines. Everyone has a different way of explaining things. Three people can ... accounts of many forensic psychologists since -- there will always be skepticism by some people, but eventually the profiler will be called, because of one indisputable fact: it works. How it works seems to be the main issue of the misunderstanding. Unless a person has studi...

• Word Count: 3370
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... members of society could see the demise of their world; therefore society began to withdraw into itself as a form of protection. I think that it was due to this withdrawal that the relationship of Ellen and Archer was sacrificed. I agree with what Lefferts says in the above quotation although I ... : "The disappointment was not occasioned by the sentiment ordinarily defined as snobbishness, but by Old New York's sense of what was due to it when it risked its dignity in foreign lands" This quotation shows how May is disgusted with Archer's suggestion of having dinner with a parson and a s...

• Word Count: 2558
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... out Dowd and other corrupt cops, his efforts were blocked by higher-ups in the department. At one point, Trimboli claimed, he was called to a meeting of police officials and told he was under suspicion as a drug trafficker. "They did not want this investigation to exist,'' ... that Kelly and other police brass have expressed some reservations about. "No group is good at policing itself," says Knapp Commission counsel Armstrong. "It doesn't hurt to have somebody looking over their shoulder." An independent body, however, might be less effective at getting co-operation from cops prone ... ...

• Word Count: 3118
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... the spectator- . For the most part, abstract expressionism attracted the American public with its simple methods and spontaneous appearance and more so because it was an entirely American art movement. With most of Europe at war and in recovery during the 1940's, Americans were left with the principal ... Alabama. While the other major mediums of popular culture involved themselves deeply in American politics, on the other hand, popular art stayed mostly as it was. Pollack, along with other abstract expressionists such as William DeKooning and Mark Rothko, continued to explore their fie...

• Word Count: 3470
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography

... affected by the Great Depression. Customers had no money for portraits, and payment on previously commissioned work was stopped. But most of all, it was the suffering of others that affected Lange. Seeing the thousands of city residents--men, women, and children--standing in breadlines, unemployed, homeless ... help the unemployed establish farming and trading cooperatives. Such cooperatives would allow them to pool their resources to buy and sell goods, thereby making it easier for them to survive. In 1934, at the first exhibit of Lange's depression photographs, she met a man who would ...

• Word Count: 2892
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... affected by the Great Depression. Customers had no money for portraits, and payment on previously commissioned work was stopped. But most of all, it was the suffering of others that affected Lange. Seeing the thousands of city residents--men, women, and children--standing in breadlines, unemployed, homeless ... help the unemployed establish farming and trading cooperatives. Such cooperatives would allow them to pool their resources to buy and sell goods, thereby making it easier for them to survive. In 1934, at the first exhibit of Lange's depression photographs, she met a man who would ...

• Word Count: 2899
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography

... of Massachusetts, and began a new book,  Mardi, which would be published in 1849. The novel was another Polynesian adventure, but its fantastical elements and jarring juxtaposition of styles made it a critical and commercial disappointment. The successes, "Redburn" (1849) and "White-Jacket," (1850) returned to the style that had made Melville famous, but neither work expanded the author's reputation ... narratives, the voyages of a mental traveler. So, in addition to the obvious biographical facts, a more difficult study, that of Melville's mind and spirit, should be pursued, and it sh...

• Word Count: 2748
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography

... similar duties. The department has 222 Fire marshals and 195 Fire inspectors. There is 1,741 administrative support personnel consisting of dispatchers, mechanics/Trades people, technologists, civilian professionals, etc. that make it possible for the Fire Department to provide its services. Total Land Area NYC 321.8 Sq.Miles 205,951.7 Acres Bronx 44 Sq. Miles 28,165.2 Acres Brooklyn 81.7 Sq.Miles ... operations. The Bureau of training accepts and enthusiastically anticipates the challenge of planning and designing the new fire academy at Fort Totten. The fire department is such a demand...

• Word Count: 2887
• Approx Pages: 12