Researchers and mental health experts are still researching the cause of Asperger's. Research points to the possibility of brain abnormalities given that there have been structural and functional differences in specific regions of the brain of children with the disorder versus those who don't. Scientists have long suspected that there are genetic and environmental components to Asperger syndrome. There is a tendency to run in families and their high concordance in twins (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet"). Some evidence suggests that Asperger's syndrome is hereditary (An Autism Spectrum Disorder"). .
When diagnosing Asperger's syndrome there is a two-stage process. The first stage is a developmental screening during a check-up at a pediatrician. The second stage is a comprehensive evaluation to rule in or out Asperger's. This stage includes neurologic and genetic assessment with in-depth cognitive and language testing. This establishes IQ and evaluates psychomotor function verbal and no-verbal strengths and weaknesses, style of learning and independent living skills. Communication strengths and weaknesses are also assessed. They evaluate non-verbal forms of communications such as gazes, gestures, also non-literal language like metaphor, irony, and humor (Asperger's Syndrome History "). .
The physician will look at the tests as a whole and make a diagnosis (Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet). The child must also show normal language development as well as average or above average intelligence. Early diagnosis is also important as children with Asperger's disorder who are diagnosed and treated early in life have an increased chance of being successful in school and eventually living independently (Asperger's Syndrome History").
Treatment for Asperger's depends on the specific child's range of abilities and interests. There is no single set or series of treatments that will work for every child. Some children who are very clumsy benefit from physical therapy that improves their coordination and ability to participate in sports.