Muslims - Past and Present

He invented many types of basic chemical laboratory equipment and discovered lots of chemical substances and processes. He is credited with the introduction of the experimental method into chemistry, which is used now in chemistry classes. He was famous among Europeans during his age. His books, which were translated to Latin in Al-Andalus, influenced many European chemists during that time. Also, Al-Razi was a follower of Jabir Ibn Hayyan, who made many achievements in chemistry. He developed several chemical instruments that remain in use to this day. .
             Muslim scholars were influenced by Claudius Ptolemy, a Greco-Roman writer of Alexandria, who was a great astronomer in his age. Muslim scholars followed him, developed his thoughts and corrected his mistakes. Muslim astronomers used the astrolabe to make new discoveries. They could predict and locate the positions of the sun, moon and other planets. They used it in the Islamic world to calculate Qibla and find times for prayers. They discovered new stars and concentrated on the motions of planets. Muslims used stars to know the directions. In addition, Al-Biruni, who was one of the famous scholars which Islamic civilization has ever known, discovered magnitude of the earth's circumference. Moreover, Al-Khwarizmi performed detailed calculations of the positions of the Sun, Moon, and planets. Astronomy became a study that owes a large debt to muslims and Arab scientists, whose contributions highlighted this study. .
             In that age, Muslim's lifestyle depended on animals for trades and travels. For this reason, they were interested in the life of animals. Book of animal was published by Al-Jahis who was a famous Muslim scholar of his age. This book is considered the greatest book with expanded knowledge of animals and their lives. This book contains a large collection of information about animals from Qur'an, Hadith and personal observations. It includes scientific theories and information.