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On the other hand we have the employment equity, also known as pay equality, which has a simpler concept of "equal pay for equal work". Employment equity aims to remove employment barriers to the members of designated groups as women, aboriginal people, members of visible minorities and to the people with disabilities. Both Employment equity and equity pay were enacted to minimize the wage gap between minorities, but as understand, they are very different from each other. Sadly both legislations have not been able to stop the difference between workers, in particular this case it has not been able to minimize the gender wage gap. In the modern world we constantly encounter several barriers.
There have been numerous studies through the year trying to explain the pay gap between men and women. Between them there are several economic theories that are going to be explained further in the essay. The results are going to be different but they are going to explain the broad difference between the average earnings of men and women. The main theory that has survived during the past years is the human capital theory, this theory attributes the gender wage gap in characteristics as education, experience, between others. Recent studies, by Statistics Canada, demonstrate that this difference of characteristics can only be attributed to 12% of the pay gap. The three most common theories for the wage gap and the ones that are going to be analyzed trough the essay are; the theories of human capital, dual labor market and the reserve army of labor. .
The human capital theory is described as "[a] theory [that] attributes income differences to variations in education, experience and commitment to the labour force."(Braul 15) It is normally related and could even been seen as a modern idea of Adam smith wage differential theory, called net advantages between different employments. Although the women have catch up and even surpass the males in many fields, the wage gap has almost remained unchanged since the 1990s.