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The Psychopathology of Everyday Life by Freud

 

His examples, all equally difficult to accept, include a man recalling learning the difference between the letters "m" and "n" when he was a boy, which ended up being a misrepresentation if learning the differences – anatomically – between boys and girls. Freud furthers his view by pointing to dreams, and giving a glimpse into the main premise for Interpretation of Dreams. Freud discusses errors in speech, and gives them the same attributions as the previous errors. He uses many examples of people misspeaking, and for some, provides an unconscious explanation for the blunder. Freud concludes that the mistakes in speech aren't a superficial as we'd like to think. This school of thought is further elaborated when explained by means of errors in reading and writing. Once again, the unconscious – according to Freud – can be visualized somewhat in the context of these errors. Staying true to the theme of an unconscious connection to forgotten memories and speech blunders, Freud dives deeper, and discusses lapses in Forgetting Impressions and Knowledge that differ from the previous ones in that there is an operationalizion as well as a more obvious reasoning behind the examples. Most subjects were partaking in actions that required knowledge that might be manipulated by unconscious processes. Freud explains that these actions – or lack there of – are direct products of our unconscious, inward opinions of duties, regardless of what we "ought" to do. In contrast to the previous descriptions, Freud begins to speak on Symptomatic and Chance Actions. This chapter differs in that the content disdains from conscious intention and removes any pretext that was necessary in the previous examples. The Psychopathology of Everyday life is chock-full of stories that any given person can relate to, and therefore, they have the power to resonate.


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