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Methodology .
Qualitative Techniques:.
In the article Evaluating the Success of Substance Abuse Prevention and Treatment Programs for Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Their Infants, there were many qualitative techniques used. They measured the process evaluations through record keeping, the amount of contacts and referrals made and the client's satisfaction with the various components of the program. (Lieberman, 219) The outcomes of the project were measured through surveys, focus groups and interviews. The projects also measured child development and parenting skills, the women's sense of confidence and self-reliance, feelings of empowerment and self-efficacy. Since the projects were committed to providing care to all eligible participants, there was no random assignment into non-intervention control groups. (220) .
In the article Overview of Substance Abuse and Treatment Approaches in Urban, Multicultural Settings: The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention Programs for Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Their Infants, the qualitative techniques were very similar to the study mentioned above. They used small studies to evaluate the existing drug treatments for women. They evaluated the service delivery models and the success of the various treatments for the women, such as counseling and support groups. (Lieberman, 212-213) This study was more of an overview of the treatments so it did not provide an in-depth look at the qualitative techniques used but instead just briefly outlined them in a table. .
In the article Role-Modeling Healthy Behavior: Peer Counseling for Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Recovery, similar qualitative techniques were used as well. The researchers used self-efficacy evaluations which were evaluations that represent an individual's confidence or belief in her ability to perform that particular target behavior. (Sherman et al, 231) Within the study they defined the roles of the peer counselors and established that social support was the most important.