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Neolithic Era

 

Agriculture created relatively permanent settlements. Within each settlement the use of the hydraulic theory caused settlements to multiply. Sites grew larger and the groups inhabiting them more numerous. In ancient Egypt, India, China, and Mesopotamia they survived by agriculture. They planted crops like maize, wheat, barley, etc. along banks of rivers, such as the River Nile for the Egyptians and the River Tigris for the Mesopotamians. They used water from the rivers to irrigate and sustain healthy crops. It also resulted in the development of settlements and eventually the building of cities. The Sumerian people discovered how to use metals to make tools and weapons. They used metal and bronze weapons to create the first plow, which were pulled by domestic cattle. As a result farming advanced from cultivating small plots to the tilling of large fields. .
             The development of agriculture provided a dependable food supply but .
             because there was more food available there was more time to focus on making larger families. With more people in the society, there were people for different jobs and thus resulted in a greater need for social organization. The Neolithic Period was a turning point for human history. Civilization began about 3000 B.C.E., after the development of the hydraulic theory.
             In today's civilization, though agriculture still exists, there are a very low percentage of farmers in the work force. Today our ways of living have very much evolved from the Neolithic period. Due to technology, the food supply can be increased to meet the needs of the global population. For example, the uses of machines in farm operations speed up work and increase the farmers" productivity. .
             Another common element found in the evolution of civilization is the distinct religious structure. The purpose of Ancient religion was to propitiate the gods because on was afraid that the gods powers would cause harm.


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