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Summary of Vincent Ruggiero's Chapter 3:


            Does "truth" exist, was it created or discovered, when is it established, are there errors in truth? There are many different meanings of the word "truth." Some include the Capitol T, but others are simply lowercase. In this article Ruggiero tells what "philosophers [have] battled over for hundreds of years.".
             Ruggiero goes on to explain that truth is established in people's lives even as children. Yet as we are children are truths may be different or become different as we enter adulthood or become adults. When we are young, our truths are created by the answers we get when we ask questions. We accept the answers and create our own belief systems according to those answers. Our experiences, from childhood to adulthood, may change through time and therefore our truths may change. Ruggiero establishes the idea that "believing is seeing," and this new saying is just as equal to the old saying "seeing is believing." Our "unique perspective" is created by what other people's ideas and beliefs were and how we adopted them.
             Now, if what we see and believe is our unique truth, then what is to say that what we saw was true? We cannot always be certain that what we saw was actually what happened. Ruggiero claims that perception is not "flawless." He gives the example of a college student that believes wholeheartedly in the answer to the question she or he put down, yet finds later that the answer in the book was completely different. Our memory can change what we consider truths. Another area that flaws our perception is, well, our interpretation. If we dislike someone and that person "speaks in a loud voice and is animated, we may regard that person as showing off." Yet if a friend does the same thing, "we see him or her as vivacious and extroverted." Also, our perception can be hindered simply by factors that get in the way such as "darkness, cloudy conditions, or distance.".
             On top of our perceptions being hindered our memory can get in the way of our truths.


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