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Ozone Layer


             O + O2 03.
             This is the formation of ozone from a oxygen molecule and a oxygen atom. .
             The rate of this reaction can be examined using a method called flash photolysis. What happens with this is a short pulse of light produced from a laser is used to produce Oxygen atoms from Oxygen molecules. The Oxygen atoms then react quickly with some of the remaining oxygen molecules, and their concentration can be measured using spectroscopic instruments at different times after the flash. An expression is then used to find the rate of reaction:.
             Rate of reaction=k(O2)(O).
             K=rate constant.
             (O2)(O)=concentrations of oxygen atoms and molecules.
             The rate constant depends on the temperature and pressure of which the reaction is happening and determine how fast it is going.
             Meteorology is the study of air movement in the atmosphere. This helps us understand the chemistry in the stratosphere as it tells us what is likely to be found there and what height the ozone is found at. It also allows us to make predictions.
             In 1972, James LoverLock found a way of detecting CFC's in the Troposphere. He found out that they would accumulate around the atmosphere because they were so stable. Then, Sherwood Rowland found that CFCs will absorb the high energy ultra-violet radiation and release Cl
             • in the stratosphere. in 1987, Farman discovered the ozone hole by measurement. Scientist also flew over the hole and found that there is a drop in Ozone where ClO
             • concentration is highest.
             In natural circumstances, Ozone is destroyed and created by the following free radical reactions. Oxygen is split up:.
             O2 + hv à O
             • + O
             • .
             ( l < 242nm UV) (1).
             Then they form ozone by:.
             O
             • + O2 à O3 (2).
             and destroyed by: .
             O
             • + O3 à 2O2 (3).
             O3 + hv à O2 + O2 .
             ( 297nm < l < 214nm UV) (4).
             .
             4 is responsible for the sun screening effect of Ozone. A steady state is established between the rate of which Ozone is destroyed and formed.


Essays Related to Ozone Layer

1. Depletion Of The Ozone Layer

... a molecule containing three oxygen atoms. It is blue in color and has a strong odor. Normal oxygen, which we breathe has two oxygen atoms and is odorless. Ozone is much less common than normal oxygen. The ozone layer absorbs a portion of the radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet's surface. Most importantly, it absorbs the portion of ultraviolet light called UVB ... substances grew rapidly as new uses were discovered. Through the 1980's, other uses expanded and the nations of the world became increasingly concerned that these chemicals would further harm the ozone...

  • Word Count: 2746
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: High School

2. The Ozone Layer

... of manmade chemicals containing chlorine such as CFC's, but also compounds containing bromine, other related halogens and also nitrogen oxides (NOx). The Ozone Layer Chemical processes Ozone is a naturally occurring trace gas, chemical formula O3. In the stratosphere, it serves to absorb many harmful solar UV rays. The atmosphere ... size of holes and increasing our chance of health problems. It can be said that humans are responsible for most of the destruction of the ozone layer. It is now becoming a great concern, and solutions are being provided. However, humans are still using produ...

  • Word Count: 2476
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Arctic Ozone Depletion

... melanin and pigments into the epidermis. This blocks most UV light from reaching cells deeper in the skin, but it is not universally effective. Even in previous centuries, when the ozone layer was intact, skin cancer was occasionally seen among farm workers and others who spent most of their time outside in the sun (Rowlands, 117). Better screening methods and a higher awareness ... are not useful in blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation. Ironically, increased levels of CFCs, bromide compounds, nitrites, and nitrates released by industry are not only responsible for the depletion of th...

  • Word Count: 1616
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. the ozone layer

... really do not have much control over; however, we do have control over the man-made chemicals. The thinning of the ozone layer that protects us from ultraviolet radiation is increasing and ramifications will have numerous worldwide effects on human life. Statistics and laboratory experimental ... worldwide increase in sickness. Ultraviolet radiation also attacks DNA in individual cells, this process destroys the basic building blocks of life. The depletion of the ozone layer will just as dramatically effect plants as much as it would the humans. In plants and trees the increase in ultra...

  • Word Count: 2237
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. ozone layer

... of shuttle launches altered others in the scientific community and in government agencies to view chlorine compounds as possible threats to the ozone layer (NAS). Damage to the ozone layer is largely caused by the release of certain volatile chemicals in the halogenated hydrocarbons groups into the air. These are compounds ... CFCs), which had been widely used as refrigerants and in aerosols because they are inert and non-toxic, might be capable of depleting the ozone layer (EPA). Scientists M. J. Molina and F.S. Rowland demonstrated in their lab that CFCs could be broken down by ultravi...

  • Word Count: 1049
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

6. Cfcs and the Ozone Layer Depletion

... is much less dense than in the troposphere, and it's a lot drier. The stratosphere is the area that contains the majority of the ozone layer. Past the stratosphere is the mesosphere which extends to 50 miles above the planet. The last region is the thermosphere. The thermosphere's outermost ... eyes, and permanent changes in cells that can lead to cancer and other problems can occur. By absorbing the UV rays, the ozone molecules in the ozone layer form a shield that protects life on earth from the dangerous and even deadly UV rays. Cfcs affect this process. Chloroflourocarbons (Cfcs) ... ...

  • Word Count: 2163
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

7. ozone

... does not exist, what chemical doesn't cause it? Environmentalists claim that chlorine and related gasses do some of the "damage", but chlorine could not possibly hurt the ozone layer for the simple fact that it weighs two and a half times more than air. In order to even get this deadly gas up that high it would take a tremendous amount ... melanoma rates have gone up within the past years because melanoma rates have increased 800% since statistics were first collected in 1935. There has been no corresponding change in the ozone layer or in the amount of UV radiation reaching the surfac...

  • Word Count: 4635
  • Approx Pages: 19
  • Grade Level: High School

8. The Disappearing Ozone Layer

...  Sun's medium-frequency ultraviolet light (from about 200 nm to 315 nm wavelength), which otherwise would potentially damage exposed life forms near the surface. Factors Degrading Ozone Layer By the usual definition, stratospheric ozone depletion is not an integral part of the process of "global climate change." The latter process results from the accrual of greenhouse gases in the troposphere ... from around 10 to 50km altitude. It is distinguishable from the lower atmosphere (troposphere) and the outer atmosphere (mesosphere and thermosphere). In particular, most of the atmosphere'...

  • Word Count: 1264
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. ozone depletion

... chlorine, fluorine and carbon), "Halons", used for fire fighting, methyl bromide, used in agriculture." ( ) In the 1970's scientist discovered that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC posed a threat to the precious ozone layer when used for extensive periods of time. CFC's have chemical and physical properties that make them valuable in industry. CFC's are and unreactive chemically. "They are non-toxic, non-corrosive ... human food supply already strained because of demands of an increasing population, changes in weather, climate, and soil fertility even a small reduction of fo...

  • Word Count: 1505
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

10. Ozone Depletion

... chlorine, fluorine and carbon), "Halons", used for fire fighting, methyl bromide, used in agriculture." ( ) In the 1970's scientist discovered that chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons, or CFC posed a threat to the precious ozone layer when used for extensive periods of time. CFC's have chemical and physical properties that make them valuable in industry. CFC's are and unreactive chemically. "They are non-toxic, non-corrosive ... human food supply already strained because of demands of an increasing population, changes in weather, climate, and soil fertility even a small reduction of fo...

  • Word Count: 1470
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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