Through the strong-minded efforts of different popes and their lay and religious supporters over the course of several centuries, the papacy came to exercise unique and substantial political power as an office that required its holder to overlap two worlds: the spiritual and the secular. Relations between secular rulers and the pontificates were not always equal and often changed with the ideals each side held on the issues of right order. Though only separated by a century, the relations Innocent III and Boniface VIII had with secular rulers differed. Thus, different achievements resulted from their dealings with secular rulers.
The leaders of the church held tremendous responsibility. The papacy was responsible for conducting foreign policy with various kingdoms as well as dealing with European rulers to insure smooth means of governance function. Innocent III held the ideals that a separation was needed between church and secular ordeals. He compared the church and secular rule to that of the sun and the moon, the church being the sun and the royal power the moon, "Now just as the moon derives its light from the sun and is indeed lower than it in quantity and quality, in position and in power, so too the royal power derives the splendor of its dignity from the pontificate authority". Innocent III dealt with kingdoms fairly and with little intervention. This model granted Innocent III power and respect throughout Europe. .
Boniface VIII on the other hand felt that the church should supercede secular rule on all levels, placing "One sword under the other and the temporal authority subject to the spiritual power". This notion set Boniface apart from Innocent completely. Since the French kings were highly influenced by Roman law and government, that is, they saw themselves as sole rulers over secular and spiritual, Boniface's ideals created tension by suppressing the secular rulers" authority.
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Polishing The Papal Image In The Counter-Reformation: The Case of Agostino Steuco One of the results of the Pope's persistence to keep a papal system intact was the branching off of Catholics into Protestants. In this article, there is an analysis of a writing by Agostino Steuco called The Two Books Against Lorenzo Valla Concerning the False Donation of Constantine, in this article it dissects the very relevance of a papal system in the Catholic church. ... By dissecting the very relevance of a papal system in the Catholic Church, Steuco tries to rationalize the systems very own...
The civilization of Western Europe that emerged by 1300 was shaped by the ancient civilizations of Greece and the Roman Empire, then the Emergence of Christianity in the early middle ages and the maturing of the institution of the church, feudalism and the creation of nations in the late middle ages...
1. In the isolation and chaos of the 9th and 10th centuries, European leaders no longer attempted to restore Roman institutions, but adopted whatever would work. The result was that Europe developed a relatively new and effective set of institutions, adapted to moneyless economy, an ineffective cent...
In my paper I try to give a brief account if why and how the Catholic Church reacted to the founder of various Protestant sect. ... Luther's personal revolt began in protest against the attempted sale of papal indulgences, in his province of Saxony. ...
Up to 1533 papal supremacy dominated England, which radically changed with Henry VIII proclaiming himself head of the newly formed Anglican Church. ... The Axe ys home, your hedys be in the stret; The trykklyngge tearys dothe ffall so from my yes I skarse may wryt, my paper ys so wet. ...
This paper asks how Elizabeth's reign influenced the Golden Age of England? ... Roman Catholics desired to maintain the papal denomination and the traditional mass, while Protestants sought reformation of the English Church according to Calvinist ideals.15 Elizabeth immediately set out to solve the financial, reputational and religious problems of England that were caused by her predecessor Mary. ...
