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Bifurcated Tellers in Wuthering Heights


When she at last appears in the final scene, everyone, gossiping neighbors and audience alike, expect the truth to be revealed. Instead, they find that she humors them both, declaring herself to be both the daughter of Signora Flora and the second wife of Ponza. When the local Prefect demands that she must be either the one or the other'she answers that she is whom you believe me to be? The two versions of the story are incompatible, yet, as the stage manager declares when the curtain falls, both are true. "Are you satisfied??he asks, and bursts out laughing.
             The bifurcated novel and the twice-told tale not only allow for variations, contradictions and paradoxical tensions, they also thematize the very act of story-telling. Whereas other modes of narrative necessarily rely on a presumed reality outside of the novel that is mimetically reflected in the telling, the twice-told tale reflects itself. One version of the tale inevitably stands in some kind of mirror-relation to the other. The reader readily observes the differences, but may well be baffled in trying to explain whether one of both of the mirrored images is distorted. Charles Brockden Brown's Arthur Mervyn(1799), Mary Shelley's Frankenstein(1816), E.T.A. Hoffmann's Kater Murr(1820/21), and James Hogg's Confessions of a Justified Sinner(1824) are four novels of the earlier nineteenth century which develop their irony through varieties of structural bifurcation. All may have been available to the author of Wuthering Heights (1847), whose own richly experimental novel works with intricate permutations of multiple narrative, unreliable narration, and two-volume structure.
             In this bifurcated narrative the social, psychological and economic manipulation of one generation, Catherine and Heathcliff, at the hands of Hindley Earnshaw, is willfully re-enacted, by the latter, upon the offspring of all three. The story of Heathcliff's tempestuous and blighted passion for Catherine Earnshaw in the first volume of the novel is first perversely replicated in the second.


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