" par. 18). The Demiurge aims to build this world out of the Forms that guide him, and in the process uses an imperfect substance. Plato argues that since this material is imperfect, the world is not as perfect as the Forms are, and this is why humans and everything on this planet lack perfection (Irwin 112). Nevertheless, Plato believes that souls are immortal and uses this to explain his belief in reincarnation (Irwin 98). He also believes that souls are essentially good, and aim to achieve greatness ("Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle." par. 29).
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On the other hand, Aristotle (384-322 BCE), refers very little to God in his philosophy and when he does, he explains that this supreme being did not create our world. Aristotle was one of Plato's students, meaning that his philosophical take on the world was influenced by Plato, however their take on religion is quite different. Aristotle believes that a combination of Plato's disregard of empirical evidence, with the naturalists only evidence provided from the sense, would give a more logical explanation of the world (119-120). With this in mind, he explains that the world consists of matter and form. Matter is something's potential while, form is what completes matter, giving it a purpose and shape ("Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. 42). Aristotle believes that the movement from form to matter, has four concrete causes: the material cause, meaning the matter/substance; the formal cause, meaning the shape; the efficient cause, meaning the origin; and the final cause, meaning the goal or the end point (Irwin 127). The theory of final causes makes sense for man made things, such as chairs, because chairs for example we're made so they could be sat on. However, natural processes and organisms seem to have no creator. .
Surprisingly enough, Aristotle explains that not all final causes need a designer and therefore, these natural things have no creator (128).
