Karl Marx argued that capitalism (where the wealth was in the possession of a few people who used their wealth to buy labor and create even more wealth for themselves), would become increasingly reliant on the workers. The increasing reliance would give the workers the power to revolt, with the poverty of the proletariat being the motivator. While this is a simplification, and in terms of economic theory it holds merit, it does not take into account many of the other influences in France at the time of the Revolution. The real issue was far more complex and involved the convergence of numerous factors, including the social differences in the country, the financial situation, political issues, poor leadership and the influence of the enlightenment. To understand the way in which all the different factors converged is necessary to look at the situation immediately prior to the revolution. Prior to the revolution the social structure of the country was divided into three estates; the clergy, the nobility and the peasantry. The first two estates benefited from a number of privileges. The French nobility had almost complete authority over the peasants, were exempt from taxes and excused military service, as well as collecting tolls from travellers who used their roads. The level of authority, and ability to amass and then retain wealth led to many of the nobility and the clergy living a luxurious lifestyle. The peasants did not have the same advantages, and the ability to better their lifestyles severely limited as they have to pay tax to the Lord of the land on which they lived, there came, and the church. The peasants were also barred from hunting and fishing on the estates of the nobles, when they wish to grind flour or make wine they had to use their Lords facilities, for which fees are payable. It was also required that peasants undertake military duty. However it is conceived, it peasants were severely disadvantage, with a social structure that ensured they remained that way as a result of taxes etc.
