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Water - Energy, Filtration and Consumption

Only about three percent of earth's water is fresh, leaving the remaining 97 percent as undrinkable salt water. One way to increase the amount of drinkable water on this earth is through a process called desalination. Desalination is the process of extracting, or removing, salt from saltwater found in oceans. This process converts salt water into consumable water for humans. The problem with desalination is the amount of energy used in order to produce drinkable water. The process of desalination also causes a form of pollution. The extraction of pure water from salty water leaves behind brine, water that is strongly saturated with salt. This brine is harmful and potentially deadly to marine organisms. The most common method of desalination today is known as reverse osmosis. In this process, pressure is used to push the salt water through a membrane. The membrane prevents the salt from passing through thus separating the salt and fresh water. The downfall of this method is its energy consumption and its need for extreme high pressures.
             I believe that desalination will be the most effective way of providing access to clean and drinkable water to the areas that lack it. Earth is composed of such a great percentage of salt water that if engineers can find a cheaper and more effective way to desalinate salt water, it can bring us a step closer to a healthier population globally. Usually desalination plants are located in areas that are rich enough to build them. Therefore, these plants have limited value to less wealthy countries, the ones that actually need clean water. I believe that engineers should keeping trying to advance the technologies, making it consume less energy and cheaper, so that third world countries can have an immediate source of drinkable water. A newer approach called nano-osmosis "filters out salt with the use of tiny tubes of carbon" ("Provide Access to Clean Water" P.


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