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The Country of Sri Lanka

            Sri Lanka has been considered to be South Asia's outsider in terms of the circumstances of poverty and deprivation. In 2011, it was ranked 92 in the UN Human Development, which is a higher rating than any other country in South Asia, and therefore grouped in the high human development category. This is the result because the island's life expectancy is 76 years, 10 years of schooling and 13 expected years of expected schooling. Sri Lanka has a population of 20 million and 52 of which are women. The largest ethnic communities are the Sinhalese, who are mostly Buddhist. The Tamils historically settled in the Northern and Eastern provinces as well as the descendants of South Indian immigrants who are mainly Hindi. A minority of Sinhalese and Tamils are Christians. .
             Sri Lanka adopted the Gaullist presidential model in 1978 that has centralized power in the Executive and diminished the checks and balances function of Parliament and the Judiciary and the separation of powers between the branches of the state. These authoritarian reforms are inter-linked with neo-liberal economic reforms in the same period and the outcome was to set Sri Lanka on a path of "socio-political decay".
             The assassination of the prime minister in 1958 was the biggest politic trauma beginning the anti-Tamil riots. The war raged between Tamil separatists and the State between 1983 and 2009. Sri Lanka's multi-party political system with regular elections and periodic changes of the government had continued in downfall. The institutions and norms of the liberal democracy have been continuously evacuated and co-existed with politics of patronage and violence with the political system. .
             The descent of the Third World Democracy has been preceding rapid beginning in 1971 onwards with Sri Lanka and the political and economic turmoil being griped by violence. Sri Lanka's birth in 1948 was accompanied by rendering stateless and disenfranchising the majority of Indian-origin Tamils.


Essays Related to The Country of Sri Lanka

1. Conflict Map; Sri Lanka

... Government led by Prime Minister S. W. R. D Bandaranayake enacted the "Sinhala Only Act" in 1956, making Sinhala the official language of Sri Lanka. A minister of the government told Parliament, "We are completing by this Bill an important phase in our national struggle. The restoration of the Sinhala language to the position it occupied before the occupation of this country by foreign powers, marks an important stage in the history of the development of this island" (www.sinhaya.com). It was ... a betrayal of the two-language policy that considered both Tamil ... ...

  • Word Count: 7747
  • Approx Pages: 31
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Sri Lanka

... . In 1993, the president was assassinated by a suicide bomber. The population in Sri Lanka was about 17.3 million. The majority of the population is Sinhalese, but Tamils form a minority. The Sinhalese are Buddhists while the Tamils are Hindus. There were two types of Tamils in Sri Lanka: The Sri Lankan Tamils and the Indian Tamils. The Indian Tamils are the descendents of the tea plantation workers brought to the country by the British. In the year 1948, Sri Lanka gained independence from the British. The conflicts therefore ... started because the Tamils were unhappy with the Sinhalese...

  • Word Count: 544
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Racism and Portuguese Colonial Sri Lanka

... and remove Sri Lanka from the clutches of Portuguese rule and in exchange they would receive trading rights in the country. (5) The Dutch betrayed the terms of their agreement and became the next colonial power in Sri Lanka, bringing with them the teachings of the Dutch Reformed Church. These missionaries thankfully did not seek converts with the same aggressive and violent zeal of their Catholic predecessors. The British were the next to colonise the island. The English pursued a policy of divide and ... upon the local population of Sri Lanka in a violent and undesirable way. Christian...

  • Word Count: 1990
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. The Essential Role of Women in Post Conflict Reconstruction

... -led war in Iraq in 2003, the country descended into violent social and political turmoil that deepened existing splits between religious, ethnic, and gender groups. Lawlessness and religious extremism, including gender violence and the suppression of women appeared in every facet of Iraqi life.vii Even after the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, the Iraqi insurgency has continued. Women, for the most part, have disappeared from public life ... unless all parties are brought to the table, the chance of successful reconstruction is less likely and the outcome is in jeopardy from the beginn...

  • Word Count: 1471
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

5. Hinduism and Buddhism Two of the Oldest Religions

... divided into two main schools: the Theravada or Hinayana in Sri Lanka and SE Asia, and the Mahayana in China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan. A third school, the Vajrayana, has a long tradition in Tibet and Japan. Buddhism has largely disappeared from its country of origin, India, except for the presence there of many refugees from the Tibet region of China and a small number of converts from the lower castes of Hinduism. Gautama's teachings differed from ... the Hindu faith prevalent in India at the time ... ...

  • Word Count: 2765
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Thailand - The Sukhothai Kingdom

... many countries that Thailand was trading to such as China, Japan, Malay, Java, Philippines, India, Lanka, Iran, Borneo and other Arab countries. They also traded via used the two ways as trading in the country but, they divided the directions on land to three ways. There were Sukhothai – Martaban, Sukhothai – Tenasserim, and ... the country and support their people and also the leader. • Royalty or Nobleman: were some people who were the public servant and served for the king. • Monk: were the people who conserved the religion and propagated the religion to the other people also....

  • Word Count: 1335
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

7. Ancient Temples and the Ramayana

... surface of the central structure and temple. These friezes incised into the sandstone walls of Angkor show a level of skill and confidence only the Khmer architects had attained at that time. The walls of the outer gallery bear a series of increasingly large horizontal registers depicting the Hindu epic, the Ramayana. Beginning from the northwest corner and moving in a clockwise direction, the western gallery of Angkor depicts the battle of Lanka in which Rama defeats Ravana. The key figures of these ... . Since then, Angkor Wat has undergone considerable restoration, mainly consisting o...

  • Word Count: 4356
  • Approx Pages: 17
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Analysis of the Immigration Problem

... medicine and new farming methods. For example, we sprayed to destroy mosquitoes in Sri Lanka in the 1950s. In one year, the average life of everyone in Sri Lanka was extended by eight years because the number of people dying from malaria suddenly declined. This was a great human achievement. But we cut the death rate without cutting the birth rate. Now population is soaring. There were about one billion people living ... high, more than seventy million people will be added to the United States population in just fifty years, with no end in sight. We are taking in more people than all of...

  • Word Count: 1998
  • Approx Pages: 8
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Case Study of Diversity

... some RealAudio files that spoke basic Romanian words for greetings, getting around, small talk, and finding accommodations - a real benefit for the non-Romanians visiting the site. There is also extensive listings of passport, visa, health and curre ncy exchange information for visiting the country, as well as Romanian Embassy details for Romanians who are currently in other countries (everywhere from Oslo to Tokyo). SAWNET itself ... political satire publication, to Interactive maps of major cities. I also really like the inclusion of the Romanian language in most of it's areas; some i...

  • Word Count: 1058
  • Approx Pages: 4

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