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What Makes Us Human


            In the PBS video "What Makes Us Human," David Pogue explores mankind's evolutionary roots. He studies our ancient Neanderthal cousins to prove what makes us human. He explores language, tool making, laughter and babies. Pogue also speaks with experts on the topics. There were four species of hominids; however, the two main species were Neanderthals and Homo erectus. Homo erectus stayed in present-day Africa and Neanderthals migrated to what is present day Europe. .
             Throughout the video, Pogue explains that Neanderthals and Homo erectus are different but also had many traits that made them similar. Neanderthal heads are different than Homo erectus heads. Homo erectus heads are more globular whereas Neanderthal heads are shaped like lemons or footballs. Neanderthal heads are usually 30% larger in size compared to Homo erectus. Pogue explains that a few reasons that the Homo erectus outlived Neanderthals are because Homo erectus had smaller heads and slimmer bodies, allowing them to outrun other Neanderthals, their vocal cords may've been better than Neanderthals, allowing more formal communication, and they could've had more babies, simply crowding out Neanderthals. Although the two species slightly differ, studies prove that Neanderthals and Homo erectus used to mate and reproduce. Therefore, Neanderthals live on in humans today. Homo erectus and Neanderthals have very many similar traits. Many may find this to be unbelievable; however, it's a key component to the origin and development of our species. .
             According to Pogue, stone tools gave insight on how Homo erectus and Neanderthals gained the ability to speak. The hypothesis was that creating more advanced stone tools allowed evolution to occur in the brain. Certain tools required a different thought process indicating certain hominids were more knowledgeable than others. The brain development that occurred whilst tool making allowed the Homo erectus and Neanderthals have the ability to create a larger vocabulary.


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