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Poverty Point


            Between fourteen and eighteen centuries before the birth of Christ, on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River swamplands in northeastern Louisiana a group of artificial mounds and embankments were being built. The earthworks themselves are not very unusual; it is their size and age that continues to mystify archaeologists. These are among the largest native constructions known in eastern North America, yet they are older than any other earthworks of this size in the western hemisphere.
             This was an eventful time throughout the world. In Egypt, Amenhotep IV, his queen, Nefertiti and the boy pharaoh, Tutankhamen were ruling and the Canaanites were being enslaved. In Turkey and Syria, the Hittite Empire was expanding. In Iraq, Babylon and its lawgiver king, Hammurabi, were in power. Minoan civilization was reaching its peak in Crete and surrounding Mediterranean islands and Stonehenge was being completed in Britain.
             This Poverty Point culture and site, at 1500 BC, was the commercial and governmental center of its day, but much remains a mystery. At that time, almost all Indians living north of Mexico were small bands of migratory hunters-gatherers. These types of societies do not normally build huge earthworks like those at Poverty Point. Large-scale construction is possible when large numbers of people settle down in villages and efforts are shifted from the hunting and harvesting to civic and ceremonial duties.
             Beginning the 2.6 mile walking tour of Poverty Point, you are first directed to an overlook of the Bayou Macon. The bayou played a major role in the lives of the Poverty Point people. It provided drinking water, food animals such as fish and turtles and a means of transportation. The streams connecting the villages all eventually met with the Mississippi and Arkansas Rivers, allowing the Poverty Point people to engage in the trade of many materials. Rocks were the major trade goods because of their value as raw material with which to make many tools.


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