Harvey & R.B.Bowin, p.120-121).
4. Training and Development.
Training refers to the methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs. Training might thus mean showing a machinist how to operate his new machine, a new sales person how to sell a firm's product, or a new supervisor how to interview and appraise employees. IBM, Xerox, Texas Instrument, and Motorola devote 5% to 10% of their pay dollars to training activities (Human Resource Management, 8th Ed, p.249-251). However development refers to learning opportunities designed to help employees grow for example understanding human behavior as it relates to motivation, understanding TQM so that it may be applied to quality control(Human Resource Management : An Experiential Approach by D.Harvey & R.B.Bowin, p.157).
5. Performance appraisal.
Performance appraisal refers to a systematic description and review of an individual's job performance (Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach by D.Harvey & R.B.Bowin, p.140). Performance appraisal is carried on for three reasons.
a. It provides information upon which promotions and salary decisions are made.
b. It provides review of subordinates work related behavior.
c. It provides feedback on employees performance(Human Resource Management, 5th Ed, p.497).
Human resource management has helped modern organizations to provide proper feedback to their employees to overcome their weakness and to consolidate their strengths.
6. Benefits and Services.
Benefits are indirect financial payments given to employees. It includes health and life insurance, leave, superannuation, education plans and discounts on company's products. At least some benefits are offered by all the companies in Australia to their employees. Some common types of leave entitlements available to employees in Australia are; - annual and public holidays, sick leave, parental leave, jury service leave, leave for defense and force service.
