Hundreds of thousands of people, who had criticized State's decision or the Party itself, were sent to concentration camps or were killed.
In May 1958, Mao had decided to undertake "The Great Leap Forward". The objectives were to increase the production, to catch up the British economy and to double the steel production and the harvests. But it was a big failure and cost the life of millions of people.
In 1966 began the Cultural Revolution, organized by Mao against the members of the Party. The intellectuals and the artists are persecuted, deported and killed. It's the purge of the Party. The Maoism began to know some modifications. .
So it's time to talk about the reforms.
C) The stages of the demaoisation.
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Inside the Communist Party erupted an important political fight. The countries were not collectivized any more and the private firms were fast growing. The Economy began to open up for foreigners.
In March 1978, a new Constitution was adopted, which marked a rupture with Maoism. The purchases abroad were limited in order to reform the industrial economy. The prices of the agricultural products increased.
In spring 1986, it was the separation between the State and the Party and in January 1992, Special Zones were opened in Shangai. It was the beginning of the opening of the Chinese market. .
Now let's move on to the Policy of opening which has permitted China's development.
2. THE POLICY OF OPENING SINCE 1978.
Let's begin with,.
A) Interior opening.
First I would like to talk about Agriculture because it's the first step of the opening.
The State decided, in 1982, to create a responsibility contract with the farmers for a duration of 15 years: the farmers weren't landowner but were allowed to farm and to do what they wanted with it. It's the freedom of production.
They weren't forced to delivery their harvest to the State: it's the freedom of trade. After having abolished the bonus for buying chemical fertilizers, the State decided in 1991 to abolish the subsidy for selling corn.
