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The aim of my investigation is to find precisely how changin


This means the more of a reactant in the solution the more likely it is to bump into other particles, as they are crowded together. This is known as the collision theory.
             Pressure: Pressure affects rate of reaction in the same ways as concentration does. However in gases increasing the pressure of the mixture squashes the gaseous particles together making them more likely to collide with other particles. This increases the rate of reaction. This is known as the collision theory.
             .
             Surface area: When a solid reactant is used in a reaction with a solution the size of solid and therefore the surface area of the solid can make a big difference to the speed of the reaction. This is because if there are two solids of the same mass and one is left as a large lump and the other is split in two the one which is split in two has more of the solid in contact with the solution and therefore the solution has more to react with and so the rate of reaction will increase. Where as if the large lump of solid was used then there would be less surfaces in contact with the solution and therefore the solution will have less solid to react with and so the rate of reaction will slow down. This means smaller particles have a larger surface area and therefore give a faster rate of reaction. .
             Preliminary investigation.
             I chose to do a preliminary investigation to test which apparatus would be best to use, what form I should use calcium carbonate in and which concentrations would give the best results. I will use 2 grams of limestone chippings.
             Apparatus used for Preliminary investigation:.
             1. Measuring cylinder (cm3).
             2. Gas syringe (cm3).
             3. Clamp Stand .
             4. Balance (grams).
             5. Conical flask.
             6. Stopwatch (seconds).
             Dilutions For Preliminary:.
             Amount Of Acid (cm3) Amount Of Water (cm3) Concentration (Mol/dm3).
             50 0 2 .
             40 10 1.6 .
             30 20 1.2 .
             25 25 1 .
             20 30 0.8 .
             10 40 0.4 .
             .
             Volume Of Gas Produced:.
             Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid Calcium Chloride + Carbon Dioxide + Water.


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