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AP european history 1988 dbq (gin act)


            The temperance movement in eighteenth century England had much in common with the battle over the abolition of slavery in nineteenth century America. The continuation of both trades was promoted by the monied interests involved. Reform legislation was suggested by socially aware liberals in each instance. Furthermore, to remove gin or slaves was to do away with a way of life that had unfortunately become an integral part of their respective societies. The most important connection between them was that both sides of both arguments relied more on economics than social justice in persuading the mass populace. It was into such a financially concerned environment that the Gin Act of 1751 was born in Great Britain.
             The Hanoverian control of the English government lasted from 1714 to 1837. During this reign, the population of London almost quadrupled, while Manchester grew even more rapidly. The Germanic rulers of the era depended upon Parliament to rule the British Isles. The utter constitutionalism of the Hanovers came under fire from the Jacobites and Tories, supporters of absolute monarchy in the form of the Catholic Stuarts waiting in Scotland and France. They staged rebellions in 1715 and 1745. The two uprisings caused English calls to arms, but neither posed a serious threat to the government.
             At the same time, capitalism was evolving from mercantilism and industry was gaining ground on agriculture. The domestic system required high amounts of unskilled manual labor which was provided by the vast lower class. Social mobility was infrequent at best for those of the laborers. The wages paid to the poor were inadequate and unfair. The economic bubble caused by the South Sea Trading Company in 1720 was evidence of the weakness and inexperience of the new system of publicly traded stocks and bonds. Economic troubles have always had the potential to lead to substance abuse, but the drunkenness problems faced by city and country dwellers alike in Great Britain throughout the eighteenth century were massive.


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