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Scientific Innovation - Cloning

            
             For this assignment I decided to research the pros and cons of one of the newer scientific innovations out there, which is cloning of humans and animals. This has been a very hot topic of recent discussion.
             First off what is cloning? Cloning is defined as making genetically identical copies of a single cell or organism. The possibility of cloning humans first surfaced in 1960 after the report that a salamander had been cloned. Forty years later Dolly the sheep was cloned in Scotland. Sheep like pigs are closely related to humans, so the speculation once talked about time ago is finally here. Much talk in the news brought out fears and ethical issues about the possibility of human cloning.
             The first and possibly most affecting argument in favor of cloning is as a way to help couples who cannot conceive a child naturally. There are many couples is the world in which one or both of the individuals is unable to naturally donate their genes for the purpose of procreation. However, through cloning, these people would have a chance to give birth to a child that is genetically related to them. This, too many people, is more desirable than raising an adopted child or using sperm and eggs from an unrelated donor. This way the parents will be relieved and assured that their genes will be passed on to future generations.
             The next argument points out other very important medical benefits that could be obtained through cloning technology. It is possible through cloning to grow "spare parts" to be used in organ transplants. Once the cloning of a cell has been done and the cell has begun to divide it does not necessarily have to grow into an entire person. Through related techniques the cells could be controlled so that they only develop into specialized cells or even complete organs. For example, a heart or a kidney could be grown outside of the body to be used in organ transplants without fear of rejection from the recipient's body, eliminating the need for anti-rejection drugs.


Essays Related to Scientific Innovation - Cloning

1. A New Technology of Cloning Humans

A New Technology of Cloning Humans Is cloning the new method to treat human beings in the future? Recently, there has been an argument about cloning a human being. When it comes to cloning, people seem to want it both ways: "no" to reproductive cloning on moral grounds and "yes" to therapeutic cloning on scientific grounds. ... Human therapeutic cloning helps the ill to recover more efficiently. ... In conclusion, cloning a human being for therapy and recovering is a new innovation in the medical field that will help many. ...

  • Word Count: 373
  • Approx Pages: 1
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Human Cloning

Initially, many such developments were considered scientifically unsound. ... These examples demonstrate that although many scientific innovations are originally regarded with fear and suspicion, they eventually prove their worth to mainstream society. ... Reproductive human cloning should be allowed. ... Human cloning could perhaps let these parents view their deceased daughter's joyous smile once more- this time on the face of their daughter's clone. ... In summary, reproductive human cloning offers several major benefits to mankind. ...

  • Word Count: 1094
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Aristotle

Throughout this chapter the author felt that it was necessary to institute the difference between a technological change and scientific advance, although they are closely related a technological change can occur without a scientific advance. ... This is a topic that still causes much discussion today, especially in cloning. ... Invention compared to innovation, what is the difference? ... "An invention, when applied for the first time, is called and innovation."... The author spoke of four factors that determined the innovation's rate of diffusion; "the extent of the economic advantage ...

  • Word Count: 1459
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Science: The Anti-Christ

Frankenstein sees these innovations as overpowering and finally giving humans the power of god. ... For Frankenstein death and decay have no morality as the process is merely scientific. ... With the advent of cloning technologies, it has become "scientifically" possible to create a duplicate (at least genetically) of what ordinarily be unique. Reports are constantly coming into the media about human cloning projects and indeed some that claim to have come to fruition. ... Will cloning technology usher in a new era of human existence, free from disease and pain, or will it instead rear ugly co...

  • Word Count: 1141
  • Approx Pages: 5

5. Research And Development

INNOVATION Innovation, a second element of technological change, draws directly on invention. ... Innovation is of two broad types: product innovation, which involves new and improved products or services; and process innovation, which involves new and improved production or distribution methods. Unlike inventions, innovations, such as cannot be patented. ... But innovation need not destroy existing firms. ... When Kodak "cloned" the camera, Polaroid won a patent infringement lawsuit against its rival. ...

  • Word Count: 5057
  • Approx Pages: 20
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Genes

Cloning is also a big issue. ... Cloning is the process by which cells are supplied with healthy copies of missing, flawed, or desirable genes. ... Dilemmas for geneticists become especially acute in the myriad scenarios in cloning. ... This proposal fails to acknowledge the fact that ethical issues continually are evolving in response to innovations in genetic knowledge and technologies. ... Human curiosity and innovation will always manage to conjure up some sort of scientific breakthrough. ...

  • Word Count: 1236
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. issues in bioethics

The cells, which will be isolated predominantly from frozen human embryos or embryos made through cloning, seem to have almost unlimited power to produce new human cells of almost any type. ... Others were concerned that with all surgery, federal laws or the Food and Drug Administration do not regulate this radical kind of innovation. ...

  • Word Count: 2467
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks

A journey into The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, Rebecca Skloot narrates the experiences of Henrietta's treatment and scientific contribution. ... Furthermore, HeLa cells are the immortal cells that help funded more than 74,000 scientific studies which lead to medicinal innovations today. ... Henrietta's contribution create the potential to unlock cancer, stem cell, genetics, cloning, and endless possibilities. ... Sure, the argument of right and wrong can go on for decades, but bringing alight the person responsible for the success in medical-innovation was crucial....

  • Word Count: 1182
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography

9. Stem Cell Research Debate

The state of this contemporary medical research is languishing because the issue is swollen with hesitation regarding public funding, opposition from right-to-life advocates, matters of possible abuse that could lead to notorious cloning technology, and laws and law-creating that have not necessarily been interpreted to include stipulations regarding stem cell research or given permission to pursue this profound research under strict governmental guidelines. The questions of whether stem cell research is legally permissible, scientifically promising and ethically proper are divisive as the Pop...

  • Word Count: 3628
  • Approx Pages: 15
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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