The task was ambitious, the obstacles were formidable, and there was no time to waste-particularly after the disastrous interruption of World War II. The Soviet leadership, therefore, was ruthless in marshaling all available human and material resources for the job of modernization. The harsh discipline and economic austerity that were necessary could be imposed only by an unrelenting dictatorship that could control all citizens' activities and suppress any hint of dissent or autonomy. The resulting system of total control has been labeled totalitarianism, but others have called it Stalinism, after Joseph Stalin, the leader who shaped and controlled the government of the USSR for more than a quarter of a century after Lenin's death (Pious) Stalinism, of course, in no way resembled the Communist utopia that Marx and Engels had envisioned. Three decades after Stalin's death, the USSR was still ruled by command, not consent; it was a society administered in authoritarian fashion by a managerial bureaucracy, which in many ways was no less conservative, no closer to the people, than huge bureaucracies tend to be everywhere. The country's cultural and intellectual life remained substantially under the control of the ruling party. Party ideology, meanwhile, stressed that socialism had been attained and genuine communism was near (Pious). By the early 1980s, the USSR had become the world's second-ranking industrial power. Its armed might and industrial potential were backed by important scientific advances and by a generally high level of technical education. The living standard, although still low in comparison with that of Western countries, had risen appreciably since World War II. Toward the end of the decade, however, it became increasingly apparent that Soviet Communism was in crisis. An upsurge of nationalism within the Soviet republics, coupled with resentment of decades of economic scarcity and arbitrary rule, spurred a challenge both to the ideological foundations of communism and to the legitimacy of the Soviet state.
Shel Silverstein, Roald Dahl and Dr. Seuss remain at the top of my all time favourite authors for narly my entire life. Although all childrens poets, each has his own way of getting their message across to the children and all have most definatly become extremly successful as writers. Each possess...
Second hand smoke, also called Environmental Tobacco smoke or passive smoke, is the smoke that people breathe when they are in the same place as smokers. Second hand smoke is most hazardous in workplaces, such as bars, restaurants and casinos. Cigarette smoke contains over 400 chemicals and over 40 ...
Note that Iblis has long been a figure of discussion among Muslim scholars, who have been trying to explain the ambiguous identification of Iblis in the Qur`an as either angel or jinni, a contradiction in terms, as angels are created of light (nur) and are incapable of sin, while jinn are created of fire (nar) and can sin. ...
The Purposes of Every Day Make Up and What Does It Express Introduction Beauty is an abstract term, whose issues are related to human tastes. With a more complete definition of this term deals the aesthetic, a discipline within philosophy. Like any emotional assessment, establishing beauty is subjective. The skin is a mirror that reflects our health and expresses our lifestyle. Currently, there are numerous possibilities of care, a variety of products and cosmetic treatments becoming more sophisticated which help us have a beautiful and healthy skin. ...
DESTINATION MARKETINGAn essay presented on the concept of destination marketing as a phenomenon.The analysis of destination marketing is quite complex, as normal norms for marketing single businesses do not apply on a destination. The inter-organizational processes are therefore of great relevance f...
