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Another factor of the Human Development Index is the literacy rate in the country. In Iraq, the figure has dropped from 89% in 1995, to 57% in 2002. This is compared to a literacy rate in the United States that is over 99%. When only a little over half the population can read and write, it makes it real hard for people to perform their jobs and be productive. If you can"t understand the instructions that your boss gives you, how can you possibly do your job? Although there are seven very good universities in Iraq, the education system is very bad. If only half the population can read, the education system can"t be too good. Iraq is made up of a very young population, and is one of the fastest growing populations in the world. The third factor of the Human Development Index is life expectancy. In Iraq, the average life expectancy in 1998 was 58 years. This is because of the overall lack of food, medicine and the malnutrition of most of the population. There has been a major increase in the number of deaths, in particular of infants and young children. The infant-mortality rate has risen from 30.5 per 1,000 in 1989 to 97.2 per 1,000 in 1997. The maternal-mortality rate has risen from 50 per 100,000 live births in 1989 to 117 in 1997. Low birth-weight babies (less than 2.5 kg) rose from 4% in 1990 to around a quarter of registered births in 1997, due mainly to maternal malnutrition. Also, as many as 70% of women in Iraq are suffering from anemia. This information is also from New Internationalist Journal, Issue 316.
Saddam Hussein is the dictator of Iraq's government, which I believe is a reason for the country being so undeveloped. The people of Iraq have no say about who their leader is or what decisions he makes. There is only one political party in Iraq, and that is the people who follow Saddam. There is no other choice. When Saddam says you can"t start your own business or you can"t sell a specific item, that's it, you must listen to him.