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Caputo


            The Vietnam War was responsible for widespread protests and demonstrations throughout the late 1960s. The United States' involvement in Indochina was an issue that pitted friend against friend and generation against generation. Indeed, America was torn between sharply divergent opinions. For those young Americans who were drafted into service against their will, the thought of Vietnam, even years later, sent chills of anger and fear through their bodies. For those who sought the opportunity to fight, the vision of heroism and accomplishment swelled their chests with pride. When U.S. involvement ended in 1973, however, it was the anguish of defeat that haunted the souls of those who participated as well as the bitterness of a nation conflicted by wounded pride and relief. A 1980 movie, A Rumor of War, based on Philip J. Caputo's book by the same title, reflects much of the pain and ambivalence the nation came to know too well.
             Like most Americans in the 1950s, Caputo grew up knowing little of Asia and virtually nothing of Vietnam. After the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954, the possibility of the spread of communism in Vietnam captured the attention of the United States. For the next ten years, diplomatic tensions grew between these two nations. As North Vietnamese Communists began to threaten South Vietnam, the United States initiated a military counter to Asian communist aggression. On August 7, 1964, Congress passed the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which empowered President Lyndon B. Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against the forces of the United States in order to prevent further aggression by Communist insurgents of North Vietnam against the government of South Vietnam. The President steadily increased U.S. troop levels until they reached nearly a half million men by 1968. However, as a result of the TET Offensive launched by Communist forces, American leaders were forced to begin negotiations to achieve a quick end to the war.


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