The transformation he endures is an extreme form of physical change. This depiction is used to show how even a person's own family can, under certain conditions, reject, mistreat, and eventually kill because of a change in outward appearance. The elements in this story are obvious; it is not often that humans are turned into insects. Another element that it is not as clear is the unconditional love that Gregor had for his parents and sister even after they had long forgotten about him. The realist elements in this story include a characteristic of fantasy that there is a magical element in a realistic world. .
The metamorphosis of Gregor facilitates the gradual change of his entire family, demonstrating that an outside source is sometimes needed in order to push people out of stagnation and into life. Before the family members begin to make their transformations, they rely heavily on Gregor. The dutiful son sets out to provide for his family. He secures a decent job and the family gladly accepts this new way of life, with a steady income and means of support. Over time, they had simply got used to it, both the family and Gregor; the money was gratefully accepted and gladly given.
Gregor's condition resulted from the abuse that he took from his family, and he was much more wise because of it. He had gotten used to his change and actually enjoyed being a bug. He especially liked hanging from the ceiling. All the talk of him made him come to the conclusion that he was better off as a bug and did not want things to go back to the way they were. He was often haunted by the idea that the next time his door would open he would take the family's affairs in hand again just as he used to do. He thought more logically as a bug and was tired of everyone depending on him.
Gregor was not the only person affected in this story. His parents started to abuse his sister in the same way. Their son's unemployment forced her to get a job.
