Between 1987 and 1991 the trend of popular political participation grew even while having to outmaneuver attempts of control by both hard-liners and regime reformers (Edvins, 225). .
Beginning in 1988, elite reformers tried to channel mass activism by initiating rallies and framing the electoral campaigns. Political participation was now beyond expectations and the interaction between the elite and mass level of politics appears to have been the deciding force for eventual democratization. .
Elections in Latvia became true schools for democracy by fostering civic participation and creating an alternative in a formerly closed political system. Electoral politics is naturally linked to specific territories, in turn issues concerning the Latvian nation play a prominent role. The electoral debates and choice between candidates contributed to a shift of political culture towards more participatory and democratic mode. .
The direct involvement in the building of democracy through mass activism had immediate effects on the balance of power and shaped a new political culture. Participation in mass protests proved effective in delegitimization of the old regime and the strengthened the identity of Latvia as a nation (Shafir, 391). This was not brand new though, as the war(s) and Latvia's previous self-governing status are not to be forgotten in the equation recognized in the Constitution of Latvia.
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS.
The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia (Satversme) first adopted in 1922, was restored in 1991. The constitution contains basic framework provisions for parliament, government, courts, and constitutional courts, but does not provide for certain fundamental rights, including environmental rights and public participation provisions (book.coe.int). To ensure that rights not included in the constitution are guaranteed, the parliament has adopted constitutional laws, such as the Constitutional Law on the Rights and Obligations of a Citizen and a Person (1991).
