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The effect of posture on heart


             Therefore when standing up stroke volume will decrease due to the blood flowing against gravity, as a results heart rate will increase to maintain cardiac output. However when the posture of the body moves to a more horizontal position it is easier to pump back to the heart via the veins. The stroke volume will increase as the blood is flowing without the force of gravity so the heart will not have to beat faster to supply the body with oxygen to maintain cardiac output. Stretch receptors in the aorta, carotid artery and vena cava show how heart rate can be raised. When the receptors in the vena cava are stimulated, it indicates that there is increased blood in this vessel. The stretch receptors send impulses to the cardio-acceleratory centre in the brain which responds by sending impulses down the accelerator nerve to the sinal-atrial node (SA node) which responds by increasing the rate at which it sends out waves of excitation therefore increasing heart rate. When receptors in the aorta and carotid artery are stimulated, it indicates that there is a distension of these vessels as a result of increases blood flow in them. They send impulses to the cardio-inhibitory centre in the brain, which responds, by sending impulses down the vagus nerve to the SA node, which respond by decreasing the rate at which it sends out waves of excitation thus decreasing heart rate. This is shown in my results, as when lying down between minute 1-4 the average heart rate is 57 beats per minute as gravity has no effect. Whereas when the subject is standing up between minute 9-12 when the average heart rate was 69.8 beats per minute as blood is flowing against gravity. There is a difference of 12.8 beats per minute between the two postures.
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             When sitting down between minute 5-8 the average heart rate per minute was 65.5 beats/minute. When sitting on the desk the force of gravity is not as much as when standing horizontally, but is greater than if the subject was lying down.


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