STAGE II.
(2-3 years).
Toddler (muscular-anal).
CONFLICT - Autonomy v.'s Shame-Doubt.
IMPORTANT EVENT/INFUENCE - Toilet Training/Parents PSYCHOSOCIAL VIRTUES -Will, Determination.
Erikson says at this stage the beginnings of self-confidence and self-control start, children are able to do more for themselves at this age, trying to feed and dress themselves. Toilet training starts here too which with the other things mentioned allow children to learn independence (Autonomy). Parents should always be encouraging at this stage or the child will learn to doubt in himself or his abilities and feel shame. Which will cause lack of self-confidence in later life?.
MALADAPTATIONS AND MALIGNANT TENDENCY.
If a child is allowed to do what they want with no limits, they can develop impulsiveness, jumping into things without thinking (impulsivity). Perhaps worse is too much doubt and guilt, caused by parents being too pushy and perfection orientated (compulsiveness).
STAGE III.
(3-6years).
Pre-schooler (Locomotor).
CONFLICT - Initiative v.'s Guilt.
IMPORTANT EVENT/INFUENCE - Independence/Family. PSYCHOSOCIAL VIRTUES - Purpose, Courage.
At this stage, the child continues to use their initiative and use assertivness aiming towards independence. Hero worship comes into play, and children enjoy being given responsibility at this stage, adults must accept the child's initiative and allow them to have some responsibility or a sense of guilt will develop, and they will believe everything they do is wrong.
MALADAPTATIONS AND MALIGNANT TENDENCY.
Too much initiative and too little guilt leads to (ruthlesness) where the person does not care who they step on to get their goals. Where as too much guilt leads to (inhibition) the inhibited person is afraid to try things incase they go wrong.
STAGE IV.
(7-12 years aprox).
School-age child (Latency).
CONFLICT - Industry v.'s Inferiority.
IMPORTANT EVENT/INFLUENCE - School/Neighbourhood. PSYCHOSOCIAL VIRTUES - Competence.
