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Political Science


            
             The doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive role in international life. Primarily, the doctrine is a standard of assessment and criticism for domestic institutions, a standard of aspirations for reform, and a standard of evaluation for the policies and practices of international economic and political institutions. Some theorists argue that human rights is too broad and must be construed more narrowly. The author argues against that perspective and in favor of the view implicit in contemporary international practice, using the right to democratic institutions.
             More than fifty years have passed since the U.N. General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and in that time the doctrine of human rights has come to play a distinctive and in some respects an unexpected role in international life. Perhaps the most visible is the increasing willingness to regard concern about human rights violations as an acceptable justification for various kinds of international intervention, ranging from diplomatic and economic sanctions to military action. Human rights have served as bases for standard setting, monitoring, reporting, and advocacy by non-governmental organizations at both the domestic and international levels of world politics.
             In many areas of international politics concerns about human rights are more prominently expressed than ever before, and there is some reason to believe that these concerns increasingly motivate action. Human rights are often regarded with suspicion. These suspicions are diverse. Human rights are surely moral standards, standards whose authority rests on recognizably moral considerations.
            


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