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An Experiment On Memory & The Recall Of Words When Using Word Lists


             In 1968 Atkinson & Shiffrin proposed a multistore model of memory that consisted of sensory, short-term & long-term stores with different functions, capacity & persistence of stored information. Other researchers elaborated on this model, identifying additional structural components to each of the stores. Badderly (1992) suggests that the short-term consists of components he calls the phonological loop, the visual-spatial sketchpad & the central executive. Baddley & Vallar (1984) found neurological evidence for the existence of the phonological store by comparing the verbal functioning of a patient with an infarction in the left hemisphere with that of healthy control individuals.
             The above authors emphasize on the importance of rehearsal of audio-verbal material in short-term memory (more specifically the phonological loop) before it can be copied into the permanent long-term store. Unrehearsed material is lost.
             Craik & Lockhart (1972) proposed that the processing of a memory trace begins as simply perpetual and becomes deeper & more abstract. There are no structural blocks of memory corresponding to this process but memory can be described as a continuum of deepening levels of processing. The persistence of a memory trace is a function of the depth of processing. Lewandowski & Hockley (1987) found that deeper processing caused better recall independent of the encoded material, that is considered to be an important sort of interference by the multistore models. .
             The aim of this study is to recreate Craik & Lockhart's level of processing theory experiment to see if the level at which information is processed has an effect on recall.
             Hypothesis.
             The hypothesis is that the participants who process the semantic list will have a greater word recall rate than those who process the structural level list.
             Null Hypothesis.
             There will be no significant difference between the number of successfully recalled words from the semantic & structural lists & any difference is due purely to chance.


Essays Related to An Experiment On Memory & The Recall Of Words When Using Word Lists

1. Memory & Serial Recall

They are most often the first words a subject remembers when asked to recall the list. ... By doing this experiment, the serial position effect will occur, and that memory will improve over the three word lists. ... Materials The materials used included one word list containing three word lists of fourteen words each, included as appendix A. ... Discussion The serial position curve is a psychological phenomena, an experiment where participants were showen three lists of words and then tested for recall. ... If the experiment had used the same words for the three lists, the practice eff...

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2. Quantitative Report - Creating False Memories

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3. False Memory Production

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4. The Effect Of Mnemonic Strategies And Retention Intervals On Recall By Order

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5. deth of processing

They found that subjects given tasks that required meaningful or semantic manipulations of the words but no instructions to learn recalled lists of words as well as subjects given explicit instructions to memorise the materials. ... In one of their experiments had employed the incidental learning paradigm used by Hyde and Jenkins (1973). In this experiment four groups of participants were given different kinds of orientating tasks and then later given a surprise recall test. ... Craik and Tulving (1975) and many other experiments based on levels of processing have shown that memory tasks such...

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6. Drug Effects On Memory

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7. Psychology

The true memory explanation has also been backed by a lot of studies as well and shows that the actual act of recalling the memory from other memories around it makes things distinct. ... The subjects were told that they were going to be presented with a series of words and that they were going to be test on their memory of the words. ... Eighty subjects were asked to recall words from same or different lists which were presented to them from a slide projector. ... The subjects with the mixed lists were more likely to remember the distinct words and less likely to remember the background words...

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8. Marijuanna

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9. The Scientific Method

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