A clear and comprehensive definition is essential in order to delve into analyzing the effects of Marxism-Leninism on Soviet developments. The original theories formed by Marx were supposed to be an all-inclusive way of life, encompassing everything from culture to religious practice and political thought. The foundations of these were forged through precise economic speculation that sought to control the means of production and those who worked for the owners of such. The latter, Marx believed, would inevitably revolt against the owners of the means, in a clash that would overturn the economic basis of the society. He thought that this would lead to an eventual shift from capitalism to socialism, as decreed by natural and logical scientific consideration. .
From this plan for a society molded a distinct ideology that is not merely a belief in the theory, but the belief in the theory that leads to a way of life. Lenin made sure that his ideas were not solely looked upon by his people and brushed aside, but forced them upon the people, leaving them no choice but to have Marxism-Leninism as an ideology and thus a mantra by which to lead their lives. Lenin authorized and implemented the teachings of his philosophies in the schools to young people, as well in the Komosol and in numerous state publications.
Beginning in 1921, Lenin instituted the New Economic Policy (NEP), signaling the end of war communism, which was full of policies despised by the peasantry. In essence, NEP was a blend of socialism and capitalism, as the state retained control of the manufacturing and banking industries, among others, while leaving internal markets to be handled by the people, such as working for their own farms. Lenin saw NEP not as a departure from the socialist concepts he preached, but as a path that would eventually lead to a primarily socialist society. Many thought that NEP was a departure and betrayal of those who held communism dear.
