Saul Dubow argued that the Afrikaners feared that these "African workseekers" would pose a "threat to the privileged position of largely Afrikaans-speaking unskilled and semi-skilled labor in metropolitan areas." The Afrikaner National Party played on this fear and developed the Apartheid system that was essentially "an economic system, designed to restrict blacks to the position of a permanently subordinate, low-paid working class." .
Scott's theory of High Modernism argues that authoritarian states enact policies that attempt to rationalize, structure, reorganize, and regulate all aspects of society to simplify state functions and make that society efficient and orderly. For the most part Scott discusses his theory with regard to progressive revolutionary states that employed Authoritarian High Modernism for the benefit of the whole of the citizens. Scott argues that a state such the Soviet Union under Stalin, visualized the improvement of the human condition by the restructuring of society. The disastrous outcome of Stalinism occurred when the state used unrestrained means to enforce this restructuring against the defenseless masses. .
The use of Authoritarian High Modernism was most prevalent among progressive revolutionary states. However, Scott makes reference to the use of High Modernism by repressive right wing governments. He argues that "the massive social engineering under apartheid in South Africa" is an example of "high modernist utopianism of the right." Unlike Stalin's regime, Apartheid did not attempt to use high modernism to benefit the whole of the people of South Africa. Instead, it was used as a method of segregation of racial groups that kept non-whites from participating in the economy and in politics. This ensured that non-white Africans would remain a low-paid working class that could not politically mobilize to challenge the Apartheid system.
High modernism played its role in Apartheid segregation in three ways.
Apartheid. ... Starting in the 1960s, a plan of "Grand Apartheid- was executed, emphasizing territorial separation and police repression. ... Wielding the Public Safety Act and the Criminal Law Amendment Act, the white regime had no intention of changing the unjust laws of apartheid. ... The government then declared a state of emergency and imposed press controls in July 1985. ... The end of apartheid. ...
If the structure of the nation-state system is altered, is the entire system doomed to fail? ... Secondly, a state must lose control over the development of personal or social identity among its citizens. ... These three points are often characterized as the structure of the nation-state system. ... That being said, it is important to understand that there is a difference between the structure of the nation-state system and the nation-state system itself. ... While Waltz might not appreciate such a refinement of his paradigm, there is no reason why a worthy non-state actor should not be co...
It is abhorrent that the rich and the educated are allowed to circulate around the world more or less freely, while the poor are not - causing, in effect, a form of global apartheid. ... And, in general, this flight tends much more to be en masse than individual or discrete groups of individuals and the regime of particularized persecution was not designed to address and cannot effectively address this kind of mass flight. ... The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has remained at the center of the global refugee regime with a clear mandate responsibility for refugees. There...
Despite this early arrest, Khomeini continued to vocally denounce the policies of regime, and after another arrest, was sent into exile. ... However, this revolution soon turned into another revolution, or a revolution within a revolution, as groups and political parties struggled to define the culture of Iran, which was then in a state of turmoil. ... The next day the Supreme Military Council withdrew its support from Bakhtiyar, and on February 12, 1979, following sporadic street gunfight, all organs of the regime (political, administrative, and military) finally collapsed. ...
Mao Zedong was able to able to more commoners to his cause, exploit their support, and take advantage of KMT corruption, taxation, and repression. ... The ruling regime loses the revolution more often than the insurgents "win- it. ... Economically, pre-1949 China was in many ways a rentier state. ... Because the state was weak, the government was unable to bring the benefits of modernization to the "backwards- areas of rural China, according to Esherick. ... One of many problems with the "traditional- explanation is that if people bought into the revolution because it was meant to be "l...
