Increasing anti-war views started to spread which in turn brought about the problematic phase of warfare. Instead of constant hostility and preparing for war, people of this era sought to prevent future wars. However, people were never able to come to an agreement. Liberals and Conservatives often despised each other and attempts to come to a compromise were unsuccessful. By this time new technology and scientific research greatly improved the weapons and technology used in times of war. These technological advances created and utilized during World War I and II drastically increased the destructive capabilities of war and led into an era of nuclear warfare (Gallie 42).
During the middle ages, the Roman Empire was the first state that fought wars in agreement with the state's will. In the following centuries, city-states depended on the citizen militias to fight the wars, landlords on the chivalrous knights, while barbaric tribes depended on the warriors to fight wars.
The wars during the 19th century brought many new changes and advances to the art of warfare. The Napoleonic wars, which ended in 1816, were the first wars of the people. .
In order to form an army, Napoleon introduced the idea of recruitment to create an army. This idea was very successful, allowing France to have 1,169,000 soldiers at one point, easily making Napoleon's army the largest military force in European history at that time (Kaldor 21). Many technological advances were utilized in war as well. The Franco-Prussian war made significant usage of the railway and telegraph to increase the communications rate. This allowed for faster mobilization of armies. The American Civil War also affected the evolution of modern war by first using guns and other portable and mechanized weapons on a large scale. Perhaps the greatest impact on warfare came with the development of alliances. Agreements and treaties between nations allowed a country to maximize its own security by displaying power in numbers.
