We consider first generation of computer by 1946, when binary system was used and concept of pre-stored instructions as programs were introduced. This generation continued till 1959. In 1946 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical integrator And Calculator) was developed as a result of military need. It was too large to be kept as it took up all space in a 20x40 square feet room and used 19000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors and 500,000 solder connections. It could perform 5,000 additions in a second. It is said that the lights of nearby areas was dimmed when ENIAC was turned on because of its high power consumption.

In 1944 a British man John Von Newman developed EVAC (Electronic Discrete variable Automatic Computer). In 1951 UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) was developed. In 1955 IBM emphasized business problems and developed a vacuum tube computer called IBM-650.

The major invention of this period was vacuum tubes. In this generations Punch Card were used as data storage medium. These computers were operated by a language called machine language.

In the end Assembly language was developed and reduced the w

5. Hardware failures were negligible.

The large size computers including all peripherals and all equipment attached is termed as macro computers or main frame computers. Often a main frame computer has more than one C.P.U. or there may be a centre with multiple computers in it. System software allows these computers to be tied together so the user has the power of several computers at once. Main frames are used heavily in the business organizations. It is useful where a large amount of data is to be processed and where a large no. of terminals needs access to centralized data.

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