In Conditioning a behavior is learned by a person and or animal. This learning is a result of reinforcement or the association of an unconditioned (not learned) stimulus with a conditioned (learned) stimulus. ... A good example of this type of Conditioning is Pavlov and his dogs. ... Pavlov then entered a cue into the experiment in hope that he could get the dogs to salivate at the presence of a stimulus. Pavlov used a bell as a stimulus to make the dogs salivate at the sound of the bells ringing. ...

• Word Count: 610
• Approx Pages: 2

Classical Conditioning Have you ever wondered why your mouth waters when for example the microwave beeps that it is done? ... Also if, with the example with the dogs, you, over time, stop giving the dogs the food after hearing the bell it will gradually lose the ability to make the dogs slobber, this is called extinction. ... Animal trainers also use classical conditioning. ... Also to create an association between a stimulus (conditioned) that normally would not have any effect on the animal and a stimulus (unconditioned) that would. ... So they have to learn through their parents stimulu...

• Word Count: 711
• Approx Pages: 3

There are many different kinds of ways that people and animals learn. ... In this example the unconditioned stimulus is the dog, the unconditioned response is fear, the conditioned stimulus is the house, and the conditioned response is avoidance of the house. ... Observational learning occurs when a person or an animal uses observation of another's actions and their consequences to guide their own future actions. ... An example of observational learning is when a person begins to learn a dance. ... An example of insight learning is that of an experiment performed by psychologist Wolf...

• Word Count: 1228
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Take Home Essay Compare and contrast classical, operant and social theory and tell who came with and give examples of each. ... For example, when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus which produces some involuntary bodily response all on its own the neutral stimulus begins to trigger a response by the organism similar to that produced by the unconditioned stimulus. In this way, the organism has "learned" that the neutral stimulus equals something good (just like the unconditioned stimulus). An example is Ivan Pavlov's experiment on a dog. ... A more common examp...

• Word Count: 344
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Pavlov decided that the food was an unconditioned stimulus, the salivation in response to the food was an unconditioned reflex,while the sound of the bell was the conditioned stimulus. Only the salivation to stimulus of the bell alone was the conditioned reflex. ... Pavlov's contribution is related to the total learning process in higher animals. ... Pavlov generated a whole school of followers, for example, behaviorists such E.R Guthrie, C.L Hull, and B.F Skinner; who based their explanation of psychological actions as the conditioned or learned responses to extermal and interna...

• Word Count: 563
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Unconditional stimulus is the example of the dogs food, unconditional response is the dog salivating. ... This study was about an infant who at plain site had no fear to fury white animals. ... When put together with the white fury animal for several trails little Albert was conditioned to automatically at plain site be afraid of white fury animals. ... Another component of operant conditioning is discriminative stimulus the specific stimulus in the presences of which a particular operant is more likely to be reinforced. For example when someone rings the doorbell is a discriminative stimulu...

• Word Count: 833
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For example, technically speaking, infants do not learn to crawl or walk. ... This stimulus is paired, or presented together with, a neutral stimulus (the bell). ... In every example of classical conditioning, one stimulus works before any conditioning has taken place. ... The neutral stimulus (the bell in our example) won't elicit the response until after the conditioning process. It will only work on a conditioned animal. ...

• Word Count: 1162
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

Behaviorism is the study of animal and human conditioning. ... Stimulus generalization is when in the first example in David's car I have my conditioned stimulus being the sight of the car however it becomes generalization when my conditioned response is it does not matter what car I get into, I"m still going to feel the chills and be uneasy about the temperature. ... In the second example my cat has the conditioned stimulus of seeing myself walk through the front door however my cat could generalize his conditioned stimulus with anyone who walks through the front door but his conditione...

• Word Count: 1995
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School

The stimulus that is introduced in this example (hot dog) is called the unconditioned stimulus and the behavior that the dog is performing (salivation) is called the unconditioned response. ... For example, if a bell is rung, the dog does not salivate. ... Given the example, the conditioned response is salivation. ... Given Little Albert's experiment, if Watson were to present the white rat enough times without the loud noise, Albert's fear of the rat would go away and his reaction to the animal would be the same as it was before the unconditioned stimulus was introduced (amicable). ...

• Word Count: 1743
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The model of classical conditioning introduced by Balkenius is anaylzed with varying sequential stimulus configurations. ... In other words, why is it that animal, height and water phobia are so very common when phobias of guns, knives and electrical outlets are unknown, even though the second group is the most likely to produce a traumatic outcome. ... For example, in Watson's experiment, the little Albert developed a phobia of white rats (and other furry objects) as a result of pairing the white rat with a loud bang. ... In counter conditioning, the conditioned stimulus ...

• Word Count: 826
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

However, he soon realised he could now measure animal intelligence with this equipment. His method was to set an animal the same task repeatedly, each time measuring the time it took to solve it. ... Watson found that once the animal was trained at running this "maze" it almost did it automatically. ... He essentially rejected Thorndike's law of effect stating all that was important was the frequency of occurrence of stimulus-response pairings. ... The male had learned a sequence, for example, left, left, right and so on until he was able to remember the whole maze. ...

• Word Count: 1367
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: High School

Pavlov repeatedly presented a neutral stimulus, just before an unconditioned stimulus, triggered an unconditioned response. After several repetitions, the stimulus alone began triggering a conditioned response. ... In classical conditioning, animals learn when to expect an unconditioned stimulus. ... For example Rats are biologically predisposed to learn associations between a peculiar taste and a sickness. ... For Example: Former crack cocaine users often feel a craving when they encounter cues associated with previous highs. ...

• Word Count: 926
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This hypothesis states that mentally disabled people have trouble processing all the different dimensions of a particular stimulus, rather than the inability to process information. ... An example of this is a boy named Soli. ... An example of this is freeing a person with a physical disability from a wheelchair. ... The high frequency sound waves can act as a stimulus for production of hormones in the body. ... The costs include leasing of the animal, leasing of the dolphin staff, and replacing the revenue. ...

• Word Count: 2376
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Well this commercial is a perfect example of the various responses we have learned. ... I guess you can say this advertisement is an example of a negative stimulus so that the frequency of a behavior decreases. ... After Pavlov's discoveries, researchers began to recognize that some behaviors occurred because people (and animals) had "learned" that if they behaved in particular ways, certain outcomes were likely to follow. ... Negative means removing a stimulus. ... Give examples. ...

• Word Count: 1062
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

For example a Sociologist provides general laws and theories about societies, not intervals. ... For example a male with a PhD., in Oncology may get paid more money than a female with the same qualifications. Animal behaviors are either instinctive or learned. ... With the stimulus of rain a frog dies, just as the rooster crows with the stimulus of dawn, and neither the frog nor the rooster had any choice in the matter, their behaviors were determined by the environment. ...

• Word Count: 468
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Behaviorism Behaviorism is the study of behavior in animals and humans. ... The Stimulus-Response theory of B.F. ... It includes the arrangement and timing of stimulus events. ... Behaviorists explore the effects of stimuli on animals in controlled situations.7. ... For example, "Q is hungry" meaning she says she is hungry if asked, but eats bread if given the chance. ...

• Word Count: 2074
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

Another way to look at operant conditioning is to think of it as the voluntary behavior that people and animals do to operate in the world. ... Another example is if a child sees a candy that they want (stimulus) and asks, "may I please have the candy?... This is defined as a stimulus that strengthens an operant response when it is given or presented after the response or action. ... An example of this would be a child losing a gold star after collecting several in the past for good behavior. ... An example of this would be if a child is punished for bad behavior and gets grounded. ...

• Word Count: 1289
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography

F, Skinner's Operate Conditioning "In operant conditioning, people and animals learn to do certain things "and not to do others "because of the results of what they do- (Rathus, 135-136). ... The principles of learning Skinner applied to the project are fine examples of operant conditioning. An animal or person learns to do something because of its effects or consequences that occur. ... Reinforcement is the process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again. ...

• Word Count: 314
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: High School

For example, when an infant is tired, hungry, upset or uncomfortable, they will cry to let us know how they are feeling. ... A common example is Dink for drink, duce for juice and nana for banana. ... They will use different methods of communication to say these things, for example, wolves howl, dogs" bark, cats meow and birds chirp. ... An example would be in insects such as the ant that rely a great deal upon chemical messengers. ... Another example would be that of the African monkey, the vervet. ...

• Word Count: 2019
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography

As a mother being the social stimulus there becomes a long lasting impact on the child's psychological development also. An example of what brings on psychological development would be sensory stimulation, which is shown through handling, playing, talking and cuddling to an infant. ... For example when describing the physical environment the importance of sensory stimulation for healthy development had previously been emphasized by numerous animal researches. ...

• Word Count: 283
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

INTRODUCTION: Animal Cruelty One of the touchiest aspects of our relationship with animals is the use of animals in laboratory sciences. ... ANIMAL LIBERATION. ... Upon recovery from an episode of convulsions and collapse, the dogs were uncoordinated, apparently blind, and any stimulus such as dropping a feeding pan, squirting water, or touching the animals initiated another convulsion. ... TRANSITION: These examples should be enough to show that the Air force beagle experiments were in no way exceptional. ... ORDEAL OF THE ANIMALS. ...

• Word Count: 2243
• Approx Pages: 9

Behaviourists want results, by which they can check measure and observe on the stimulus and the reacted response. ... However the animals were not physically harmed. An example of such an experiment would be Edward Thorndike's, whom also created the "law of effect". ... This process is when a stimulus which brings about no response in a human or animal, until it is associated with another. ... An example of this would be Carl Rogers, who was an important humanist, whom developed the idea of humanist theory. ...

• Word Count: 1585
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thorndike, the most important researcher in animal psychology, conducted an experiment that serves as a good example of the relationship between animal psychology and behaviorism. His puzzle box was designed to study animal learning as well as animal behaviors. ... Behaviorists agreed with the belief of this animal psychologist. ... Second, both human and animal behavior would be investigated. Third, mentalistic ideas would be discarded and replaced with the behavioristic concepts of stimulus and response. ...

• Word Count: 2077
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate