... preferred non-school activity (www.mediascope.org). "It forms the background of car rides and social gatherings, and it also informs the adolescent about the adult world through the lens of artists" lives, language and role modeling" (Brown University Child and Adolescent Behavior Letter 2003). No longer are rock stars ... still very popular today. Soon however rap moved beyond the battles and showed up in the pop scene and all over television and radio (hiphopanonymous.net). The Sugar Hill Gang was the first rap group to have a song hit the mainstream audience. Their song Rapper's Delig...

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• Grade Level: High School

... crime. By taking a look at evidence gathered form domestic studies, international evidence, and crimes involving guns we can better understand this. Several sophisticated statistical models have attempted to measure the net effect of firearms on criminal violence. On balance, they show that there is nothing to be gained from reducing the general level of gun ownership. (3) A thorough review of 18 studies ... cities where they were not; in cities with fewer firearms, armed robbers simply used other weapons. (5) The best available evidence, based on at least eight national surveys of the ...

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... include burning, hitting, punching, shaking, kicking, beating, or otherwise harming a child. Sexual abuse is inappropriate sexual behavior with a child. It includes fondling a child's genitals, making the child fondle the adult's genitals, intercourse, incest, rape, sodomy, exhibitionism, and sexual exploitation. To be considered child abuse these acts have to be committed by a person responsible for the care of a child. Neglect is ... to the growth of reports of child abuse and neglect. Domestic violence often includes child abuse. Children may be victimized and threatened as a way of ...

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... is usually defined as a minor under a certain age who has committed an act that would be a crime if done by an adult. Juvenile courts are usually handled much differently than an adult case would be. Depending on why the juvenile did the crime, if they have been abused, neglected or mistreated the child can go ... of the juvenile . Especially when the offenses are violence or drug related charges. Under some circumstances, many states try a minor over a certain age as an adult in the courts instead of as a minor in a juvenile court. This transfer occurs when the minor has been in serious...

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... , or in suicides. PERSONALITY DISORDERS 1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder- This is characterized by a recurring pattern of active defiance, disobedience, and open hostility toward adult authority figures. These kids are angry and resentful, do not follow the rules, deliberately provoke others, and often blame others for their own mistakes. ... . For kids who feel rejected, or feel like failures, violence is a powerful force for self-affirmation. It is a way of letting the adult world know that it needs to pay attention. 5. Seeking Justice/Revenge- These are both methods of settling old sc...

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... . His series of experiments first set the precedent for a relationship between violent television viewing and aggression. He felt children would model or imitate adult behavior. In one study he subjected children to both aggressive and non- aggressive adult models and then tested them for imitative behavior in the presence of the model. His theory was demonstrated when children readily imitated behavior exhibited ... by an adult model in the presence of the model (Bandura, Ross & Ross, 1961). In a similar experiment children were exposed to aggressive and non- ... aggressive adult models...

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• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that interested youth. Personal and social problems often became the theme of the new books. This new realism in literature for children and adolescents has explored topics formerly reserved for adult audiences. Such themes as one-parent households, divorce, estranged parents, living on welfare, death and dying, homosexuality, drugs, and changing sexual roles are representatives of the candor displayed in contemporary ... at the forefront of debate over freedom versus responsibility in programming content to which children and adolescents are likely to be exposed. In a print culture, be...

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... pick a story that is easy for the child to follow and understand. While both Grimm's "Ashputtle" and Disney's "Cinderella" are fairly easy to read, Grimm's version is better suited for adult reading due to its historic and political overtones. Lee's version is plainly not something a child would understand. Not only is the vocabulary on an ... adult level, but also the complexity of the theme and plot are much too difficult for a child to grasp. Disney's story is set in a fantasyland, which automatically catches a child's attention. The ... a very young child can understand. It is har...

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... a name to these transmitted cultural elements. We humans are supreme meme machines. ( Susan Blackmore 1999). The imitation of models shapes children's development. Shortly after birth an infant may imitate an adult who is sticking out their tongue. By 9 months infants will imitate novel play behaviors, and by 14 months they will imitate acts modeled on television. (Melzoff,1988: Meltzoff & Moore, 1989 ... scene from a famous experiment devised by Albert Bandura, the pioneering research of observational learning ( Bandura & others, 1961). A preschool child is working on a drawling, and a...

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... causes of aggression. Some of these claims state you are biologically pre-programmed for aggression, situational issues, and or even that aggression is learned. Researchers planned to expose children to adult models who behaved in either aggressive or nonabrasive ways. The children would then be tested in an original condition without the model present to verify to what extent they would ... emulate the acts of aggression they had observed in the adult. The first prediction showed subjects engaging in similar aggressive behaviors after watching adults performing the equivalent way. The ...

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Television can be a powerful weapon and a great tool of influence when it wants to be. One single act of violence witnessed by a child, or even an adult, may stick in their mind and be remembered when they get angry, sad, or depressed. Violence is not something that only exists in the imaginations of Hollywood's directors and what ... watching that evil act of violence gave me nightmares for weeks. Even something as little as a nightmare can be prevented by monitoring and reducing violence on TV. No kid or adult really needs to see brutal images like the one I witnessed at such a young age. ...

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... are not interested in modern television if these two elements are not included in their programming. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a report in September 2000 that found that most adult-rated shows, films, music and video games were marketed to children ("Television Content"). The networks know if this is included it means a larger audience; of course this guarantees higher ratings ... feel many emotions such as curiosity, revenge, and rebellion. To a child there is one emotion that overpowers all others, acceptance. Children are born with instinctive capacity and desire to i...

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... to a child, when if it was done to them, they would undoubtedly be outraged. Children surely should be recognized as human beings by the state just as much as their adult caretakers, so why could it be considered acceptable to physically punish them. Is it suddenly acceptable because it is in private? Or is it suddenly acceptable because children are dependant ... them into any questionable amount of danger. Surely the argument can be made that hitting a child, after he or she has engaged in some ill behavior, will stop it. An adult might think, my thirteen-year-old daughter spoke back ...

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... /mediavio.htm) an average American child will see 200,000 violent acts and 16,000 murders on TV by age 18. Programs designed for children more often contain violence than adult TV. Video games seem to have one of the worst impacts on children's violent behavior today. Instead of games of the past like Super Mario and Need for Speed, there ... are games such as Grand Theft Auto and Call of Duty. These games are not kid-friendly. Parents are buying young children these teen and adult rated games which include violence and sexual activity. These games ask the player to kill people, steal fr...

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... that recognizes the root causes of trafficking in poverty and lack of education and seeks a participatory approach to responding to the needs of all affected people, including children (www.gaatw.net). This focuses on prevention and minimizing exploitation, holding traffickers accountable, and developing coordinated national and international approaches along with data and analysis on the problem. The group advocates devoting special ... ...

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... are recruited in the army for a variety of reasons. The use of light, easy to-handle weapons allowed children to participate in war (Child Soldiers). Children take the place of adult soldiers killed in war. They are easy to feed and are usually obedient and loyal. They become child soldiers when they are separated from their families. When poverty stricken parents ... in need of professional help, which is not always available. I believe that children do not deserve to have psychological problems at such a young age. They should not have to face adult problems in their childhood. As a w...

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... of violence and devious behavior while the individual is a child, they will grow up to be an upstanding citizen in the future. The link between unacceptable behavior as a child and adult can be seen very clearly. This is shown through repeated offenders that have a history of violent acts. Other effects can be linked to accepting the behavior including a prolonged history of ... we train our children to uphold certain standards while they are young, it is widely believed they will hold on to these values and contribute to society positively as an adult....

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... football matches free from the control of older relatives and neighbors who used to keep them in check. These people are almost always, young adult males that use football as a context for fighting. Most of these young adult males are manual workers or unemployed. "How Conflict Escalates: the inter-group dynamics of collective football crowd violence" There are individuals who attend football ... ...

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... comprehend the truth of fiction and reality. Violent television viewing affects younger children more since their perception of what is real or unreal is not as acute as an older adult - meaning that aggressive adults learned their behavior as children. By watching portrayals of violence, children learn to accept aggressive behavior by becoming desensitized to the effects of violence and imitating ... led to an increase in viewer aggression (Myers 2000, pg.229). Conclusion Singer, Singer, Desmond, Hirsch & Nicol (1988), found that the effects of watching filmed violence are lessened if ...

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Child Abuse Child Abuse and Adult Behavior Child abuse, and its possible effects on the relationship that the children, now adults, form with their own children. Doyin Natiya Adeoba Saint Leo University Abstract: My experiment will ... as an attack by a parent involving punching, kicking, biting, hitting with an object, "beating up", or using a knife or gun. Cases will be followed up to determine the extent of adult criminal behavior, violent criminal behavior and child abuse in victims as adults (age 18 - 32 years). Introduction: Each year in the USA there are approximately one million repo...

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... blame themselves for problems that occur within their household. They soon say, "The reason why my parents argue is because of me. I"m the one making them do this." The young adult could then becomes suicidal because they think they are the ones to blame or even possibly start to lash out with violent behavior on people around them. They want to ... participants volunteering in comm! unity service had recently carried a gun. Furthermore, there was a general concern about exposure to gun violence in schools and neighborhoods. That is a 1 out of 10 young adult, children at that, that has ...

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... most violent television programing among industrialized nations. These facts affects the younger children more, since their perception of what is real and unreal is not as acute as an older adult. Meaning that aggressive adults learned their behavior as children and the more violence children watch the better the chances are for them to be violent when they are adults. Scientist ... variable involved, but their many years of research have left them without any doubt that heavy exposure to media violence is a highly influential factor in children and later in their adult lives. In 1971, ...

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... affected in both clear and understated ways. "Domestic violence is a learned behavior; many children who witness abuse falsely believe that violence is normal and is expected to in their own adult relationships." (Bledsoe 15) What hurts the mother, hurts the children. Children get hurt when they see their parents being yelled at, pushed, or hit. They may feel confusion, stress, fear ... hurt them. Some children who see their mothers beaten develop emotional problems. Boys who see their fathers beat their mothers are ten times more likely to be abusive in their adult intimate relationshi...

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... that video games are a good way for people to communicate and make friends. In the words of Dave Taylor, owner of Crack dot Com, "You can make friends. Ever played a net game and then told stories about how you managed to sneak the commando in unseen and blow up their power plant in C&C? Or retold the beautiful long-range kill you ... ...

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... , messages can be spread at great speed with a touch of a button. Racists and supremacist groups have discovered this and are making full advantage of this. " racists have discovered that the Net is a marvelous way to get their message out to a huge audience at low costs-(Quittner 53). Also, because of the power of the Internet, some facts and news headlines that ... ...

• Word Count: 969
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• Grade Level: High School