Over the past sixteen weeks, I had a lot of fun in the POLS 432 class. I chose this course because it was major required. As an international student, I felt a little scared at the beginning of the semester since I know nothing about American policy and I don't have any friends in this class. It took me a while to adapt into the class style. First, we started from Shambaugh/Weinstein book, and the West Wing episodes. Shambaugh/Weinstein book is about introduction of the Art of policy making process. From the web book description, it says Author Paul J. Weinstein Jr., who was Chief of Staff of ...

• Word Count: 1058
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

Moving Cautiously Away from Neutrality Sept 8 1939 Roosevelt calls a specials session of congress to revise Neutrality Acts When they met, Roosevelt proposed a "cash and carry" provision this let other nations buy arms from the US if they paid cash and brought them home on their own ships This would help keep the US out of the war The Axis Threat Summer of 1940 France had fallen, Britain was under siege by German Luftwaffe Sept 1940 Japan, Germany, Italy signed the Tripartite Pact and they became known as the Axis Powers Under the treaty watch country agreed to come to the defense of others wh...

• Word Count: 899
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: High School

... Thomas Jefferson Location: Charlottesville, Virginia Date: 1768-1782 Building Type: Colonial House Construction System: Brick Masonry Climate: Warm Temperature Rural Context: Colonial Georgian Fact: Remodeled between 1796-1808 Notes: Monticello is the autobiographical masterpiece of Thomas Jefferson, designed, redesigned, built, and rebuilt for more than forty years. Jefferson described the house as his "essay in architecture," but ... with its four farms, was a center of agriculture and industry, and was home not only to the Jefferson family, but also to workers, black and white, ensl...

• Word Count: 3266
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... Sicilians, engaged in organized crime. At this time the most common form of extortion was the practice of handing out Black Hand notes, which had started in the 1700's. These notes, handed to wealthy citizens, were polite requests for an amount of money in return for protection. Of course, the only ... people that these victims need protection against were the same criminals who handed them these notes. If the victims did not comply with these requests, they and their family could usually expect violence, kidnapping, bombings, and murder to be used ... to warn others of what could happe...

• Word Count: 1576
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... of "the ethics of a lifeboat" becomes a primary issue. What should the passengers on the rich lifeboat do (Hardin 223)? First, Hardin notes that the lifeboat has a limited carrying capacity, which he designates at 60. Fifty people are already aboard the lifeboat, leaving room for 10 more. He also ... notes that the 10 empty spaces should be left empty in order to preserve the safety factor of the boat. Assuming there are 100 swimmers ... if all of the guilt ridden people relinquish their seats, the boat would be guilt free and the ethics of the lifeboat would again be restored (Hardin 2...

• Word Count: 2551
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... that constitutes the objective reality of a thing; oneness. The thirteen colonies tried hard to find a sense of themselves as a nation even before they had a nation. Nationality became an American invention (notes). To find an identity the thirteen colonies created a flag, symbols of nationality (bald eagle, pluribus Unum), and they established national heroes (George Washington). Next they began to shape a national character ... . They asked themselves what it is to be an American (notes). An American should have no ethnic roots, and they gave this country a moral definition in order to ...

• Word Count: 1819
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: High School

... lasted until well into the 20th century. Southern influence in the U.S. federal government, previously considerable, was greatly diminished until the latter half of the 20th century. By warning that free blacks would flood the North, Democrats made gains in the 1862 elections, but they did not gain control of Congress. The Republicans' counterargument that slavery was the mainstay of the ... Democrats losing decisively in the 1863 elections in the northern state of Ohio when they tried to resurrect anti-black sentiment. Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation enabled Afr...

• Word Count: 7511
• Approx Pages: 30
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... groups. According to Article 1 Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, only: The Congress shall have Power to.. Coin money, regulate the value thereof.., and the Free Coinage Act of 1792, which specified money to be gold or silver coin. Additionally both the United States Code at Title 12 s. 152 which states: Lawful money ... shall be construed to mean gold and silver coin and Blacks Law Dictionary which defines money as not embracing any form of debt such as notes, bonds, etc are all forms ammunition that are used against the legitimacy and authority of the central bank and its currency whi...

• Word Count: 1328
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... 10, Letter I, First Paragraph, Immigration to the U.S.) During my research I found that there were two types of immigrants: new and old. In notes, given by Mr. Buck, old immigrants were said to be immigrants who moved to America in mass numbers before the civil war. These "old- immigrants ... Britain, Ireland, and Germany. Most were of Protestant faith and immigrated while America was in its early stages of growth. (Mr. Buck Class notes) Famine in Ireland, along with civil unrest and limited economic opportunity in much of Europe helped fuel immigration in the mid 1800s. Steamship compan...

• Word Count: 1922
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... - controlled, it became the cornerstone of the American economy by providing a safe place to deposit the government's funds, lend the government money when needed, regulate state banks' lending, issue bank notes, and collect taxes. The Bank's charter had ended in 1811, but in 1816, President Madison rechartered the Bank for twenty years. By the Panic of 1819, when (land) speculative fever ... at the hands of it: during a time where he had planned to open a merchandise store, but a land-speculating deal gone awry, mainly because of Bank of the United State bank notes, forced him to forfe...

• Word Count: 3233
• Approx Pages: 13
• Grade Level: High School

... . Although, many migrant workers employ in Florida the first demand for seasonal harvest labor occurs in South Carolina. From there, they provide to whoever needs work (Heaps 170). As Heaps notes in his book, beginning in May, Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York need harvesters, but the problem is few workers move into the New England states where ... this field of work has resulted in violent outbursts of union workers and others that believe in the same cause to fight against what needs to be done (8). As Rodriguez notes in his book, Cesar Chavez, a lab...

• Word Count: 2724
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: High School

... nonverbal in that it communicates through organized sound and is difficult to translate, the other elements are what make the sound organized and meaningful. Melody is an organized set of notes consisting of different pitches. It is basically the up and down motion of the lead singer. Rhythm is those beat of patterns that underlie most forms of communications. It is ... made up of pulsations that follow a consistent pattern. It will sometimes show us the emotional feel of a song. Harmony is the simultaneous sounding of two or more notes at the same time. It provides a texture for the to...

• Word Count: 3491
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: High School

... war, retreated into a "provincialism". Evidence of this is seen through the rise of the Klu-Klux-Klan, restrictive immigration laws, and prohibition. Overall, the decade is often seen as a breaking-free from the structure of the past. People began to question and alter the binds of previous decades, as well as contest the role of women. Prohibition, sexual morals, immigration, and ... sex morals, you may hear the response, "what morals?". As liberated as America may be now; it wasn't always that way. According to George Jean Nathan, in his article Clinical Notes, sex morals became less ...

• Word Count: 813
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: High School

... of imitation through the generations. Jefferson was a believer that slavery could be abolished if Congress had sufficient power of the states to declare all men free. Yet he was an advocate of states' rights and he opposed the kind of centralized power that would be required to end slavery by legal ... the blacks seemingly lack of equal faculty would cause a severe obstacle in their emancipation. According to the Portable Thomas Jefferson, Jefferson expressed in the "Notes on the State of Virginia" his observations of blacks or African-Americans as being "inferior to the whites in both th...

• Word Count: 1667
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... WWII ended, 6 Cummings" resistance moves from his protests against conflict among nations, to lashing against the rising social conflict where "the land of the free," traps its people within boundaries of conformity and popular belief. Hoping to enlighten those who embrace the image of wealthy Americans, E.E. Cummings wrote "Buffalo ... the public's perception of what's proper. In his first poem that addresses him hometown, "when i am in Boston," Cummings describes a scene while he notes, "when i am in Boston, i do not speak and i sit in the click of ivory balls noting flies, which jerk...

• Word Count: 4790
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... Jefferson died, sally spent two years at Monticello due to the law that she had to stay until 2 years wore up. After leaving, she was finally free and lived with her two sons in Charlottesville, Virginia where she died at the age of 62 in 1835. > A lot of slaves, male & female, ... . Others who escaped from the South traveled into the western territories and Mexico. Some runaways reached Baltimore and New Orleans they blended right into the free black population. There was also the underground rail road a secret organization There wore other ways for blacks to get their freedom besides r...

• Word Count: 3713
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... based on Jefferson's faith in self-government. He trusted the majority of people to govern themselves and wanted to keep the government simple and free of waste. Jefferson loved liberty in every form, and he worked for freedom of speech, press, religion, and other civil liberties. Jefferson ... Canada (1866). The books are organized in a loose chronological form that takes the reader through the author's experiences. Thoreau believed that people must be free to act according to their own idea of right and wrong, without government interference. In "Civil Disobedience" (1849), he said t...

• Word Count: 3135
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... a glory in His bosom that transfigures you and me; As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free! While God is marching on." These lyrics show that this song was a Union song and that the soldiers were proud to be setting the slaves ... free, just as Jesus set all men free. "The Battle Cry of Freedom" and "Dixie" were also used to instill pride and courage before a war, though on different sides. "Dixie" is a ... fact, stayed in the army well after the war was over, some even fifty years! Trumpets were used as communication to send orders. A certain note or sequence of notes...

• Word Count: 3729
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: High School

... , trouble walking caused by dizziness, and a severe headache that has no known cause ( Bender 138). Stroke is similar to heart disease as the quitters think they are free to go from this disease. Bender notes that, "An ex-smokers risk [of getting Cebrovascular accident] remains high for at least 20 years after cessation" (139). Finally, smoking is a strong risk factor for many ... depicting if smoking should be banned in public Kidd 6 places or not. The opposing viewpoint says that people should be able to do what they want because we live in a free country. Other disputes ponder that by...

• Word Count: 1583
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: High School

... at some time or another, became frustrated at what they perceived as unfair treatment by the press, even while acknowledging its vital function in a free society, and many presidents have been a part of a scandal. The current Presidential scandal with Monica Lewinsky had swept the Nation overnight. It ... voices. If Drudge is silenced by the White House goon squad, the media world will definitely become a little less interesting and a little less free in the news realm. Steve Silberman, a writer for Wired magazine, had a grudging praise for Matt Drudge with his role in the Clinton/Lewinsk...

• Word Count: 4649
• Approx Pages: 19
• Grade Level: High School

... , I believe the time has come for a change to the educational system. Schools would be better structured as a place to build on what students learn at home. A place where they are free to learn about things they are interested in, outside of the normal curriculum. We are in the age of the internet now; instead of working on homework at home, students ... the previous night; that time would still be used to answer questions. Instead, it could be utilized for questions regarding the lecture the students viewed the previous night. This would free the teacher to have conversations with stude...

• Word Count: 867
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... it possible for anyone to violate them at any time of the day or night which is on of the reasons why music was eventually made ILLEGAL." ---Frank Zappa, liner notes from Joe's Garage, Acts 2&3 (CBS, 1979) The first Amendment to the United States Constitution is as follows: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the ... free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances" ( ... and thoughts. As evidence that ob...

• Word Count: 2197
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: High School

... for the segregation minded Richmond News Leader wrote, "Here were the colored students in coats, white shirts, and ties and one of them was reading Goethe and one was taking notes from a biology text. And here, on the sidewalk outside was a gang of white boys come to heckle, a ragtail rabble, slack-jawed, black-jacketed, grinning fit to kill, and some of ... -1967 challenged the notion that the civil rights movement had purged racial injustice from America (Robinson 1). Richard Flacks summed up the sixties as romanticism (the search for self-expression and a free life), antiauthoritarian...

• Word Count: 2137
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: High School

... turning point was the end of the cold war, which led to the beginning of the global economy, a time in which there was "no moral opposition to unleashed and value-free capitalism- (Snyder, 50th Millenium). Snyder was involved with the early days of the counterculture movement. One day while sitting at the dentist he read a Beat magazine. "It was the first ... a San Francisco club. This is considered by many to be the beginning of the "Beat Generation-. The Beat Generation was a group of writers and freethinkers who felt they were finally free of the stronghold on poets by universities a...

• Word Count: 2488
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: High School

... slavery which they thought was an disgrace to the Union. Compromises were proposed working toward an end to slavery. One of the compromises was the Missouri Compromise which made Maine, a free state, and Missouri, a slave state, excluded slavery from Louisiana Territory and everything above the 36 30' north latitude. Other compromises such as the Compromise of 1850 did pleased both sides ... . The Compromise included admitting California as a free state and interstate slave trade to be abolished which went in favour of the North. The Compromise also went with the South when it included s...

• Word Count: 2124
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: High School