The Significance Of The Role Of Individuals In The Creation & Development Of The Communist State, 1917 – 53 Russia as a communist state was undoubtedly, even if only on a local level, shaped by the collective. ... Lenin and his party took control of Petrograd block by block using the MRC under the command of Trotsky. ... From February to the revolution Lenin managed to raise party membership from 10,000 to 200,000. ... In the April Theses of 1917 he drafted a strategy for the party to seize power. ... With Lenin's Death in 1924 Stalin (after a political battle for the party) took on...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Why Was Official Revolutionary Rhetoric No Longer Able To Conceal The Reality Of The Authoritarian One-party State In Eastern Europe In The Late 1980s? ... The Communist Party of Czechoslovakia quietly and peacefully transferred rule to Havel and the Czechoslovak reformers in what was later dubbed the "Velvet Revolution."" ... Soon, the Communist parties of Bulgaria and Albania also ceded power. ... The rhetoric of the early Communist Party, immediately after the Russian Revolution of 1917 was effective in the extreme. ... The Communist Party rhetoric, in its most basic form, was one w...

• Word Count: 2359
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The October coup of 1917 that resulted in the Bolshevik consolidation of power revealed that all the party's efforts had been directed towards preparing for revolution, however little attention has been given to the details of how affairs would be organized after this was accomplished. Russia was essentially a one party state, with a government who had no detailed programme for leading the country. ... Lenin had originally supported the idea of a Constituent Assembly but judging by the results of the elections he calculated that it would be impossible for his party to govern effective...

• Word Count: 337
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"The communist international should represent a single universal communist party of which the parties operating in every country form individual sections." The Commintern implied Twenty one conditions for admission in to the group, something that was intended to centralize and strengthen the parties control and further their chance of revolution. ... Communist International was considered further to be of no consequence to a country focused on themselves. In Britain there was a general strike as a result of British coal miners being threatened with longer hours and lower wages howeve...

• Word Count: 1433
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Soviet propaganda promoted Marxist and Leninist ideology in order to promote the Communist Party and its leader, Stalin. ... The interaction between Stalin and children from the Communist Party became an extremely important key in his cult of the personality. ... The red flag is associated with Communist Party. ... The socialist utopia was to mold the young into a generation of committed Communists. ... The plan consisted of spreading the ideology of the Communist Party through literature and other disciplines. ...

• Word Count: 806
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Industrialisation was the primary goal of Lenin and Stalin, as well as many communist party members. ... The five-year plans presented an opportunity to Stalin to glorify him at the foundations of the communist party. ... It is true that the plans bought huge amounts of glory to Stalin as well as securing his ultimate power within the party, but this glory was justified by the revitalising effects of industrialisation on the soviet people and the communist party. Had the N.E.P been allowed to continue, it is my belief that the communist party would have collapsed in on itself as its ground lev...

• Word Count: 5589
• Approx Pages: 22
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Americans supported Capitalism, which meant minimum interference of state in economy, competition and individual reward, and the right of voting, variety of political parties and freedom of speech and press among others (liberal democracy). On the other hand, the USSR supported Communism, which meant interference of state in economy, everyone working for a collective good, the state distribution of goods, no individual freedoms and no political parties (one party state). ... This was written before Karl Marx's Das Capital or the 'Communist Manifesto' and long before the Bol...

• Word Count: 990
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

With the leadership of Lenin and his supporters, such as Trotsky, the Bolsheviks were successful in creating a new communist state, even in the face of its own civil war in 1918. ... He became the leader the party needed, and set about gaining support for his ideas from peasants and factory workers abroad. The Bolshevik party quickly changed from a small, irrelevant party to a highly disciplined party that was successful in gaining support from these people which resulted in an eventual majority in the Petrograd Soviet in a few short months. ... Trotsky's Red Guards, an exceptional...

• Word Count: 975
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin's role within the Bolshevik party was essential for the consolidation of power. ... He perceived the significance of social and cultural changes, remarking that "Our communist work among the masses of women, and our political work in general, involves considerable educational work among the men.... This decision created a divide within the Bolshevik party, as it wasn't true to a communist scaffold; Lenin said to go ahead they must "step back", despite the fact that it was a, communist system. ... The successes of Bolshevik ideology and economical reforms, elevated Lenin to...

• Word Count: 1075
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After leaving the Seminary in 1899, he joined the Social Democrats, Russia's Marxist political party, and became a professional revolutionary. ... After the war, the Bolsheviks renamed themselves the Communist Party, and declared Russia the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. ... By 1930, he stood alone atop the Party and the Soviet Union. ... But while his rivals from the '20s had suffered defeat, they were still alive and in the Party. ... This was a turning point in Stalin's relationship with the rest of the Communist Party. ...

• Word Count: 5151
• Approx Pages: 21
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

One is that it was an attempt to put communist ideology into practice, a view that originated in the nineteen twenties. ... The party wanted to remove the Kulaks, the rich peasants. ... The party's ideology was based on the ideas of Karl Marx. ... This last stage was called communism by Marx and the Bolsheviks began to call themselves communists after the civil war. ... It seems that they were desperate to create what could call a communist state. ...

• Word Count: 2081
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In order to begin his revolution he ensured there were no objections to him as leader through the elimination of party leaders such as: Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev. After successfully removing the opposition the communist party led by Stalin launched a major revolution through the next decade that did not end until every class and member of society was suppressed. ... As a result of this all members of the communist party were of the agreement that industrialisation was a necessity. ...

• Word Count: 2410
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Bolsheviks eventually defeated the White Army and became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin was one of the leaders of this new party and was viewed by many as a tyrant who would significantly influence future Russian political parties. ... A firm Communist believer, Vertov spread the ideas of everyone in society receiving the same benefits and being equally important to a functioning society. Vertov made Man with Movie Camera so Russia as a whole could apply the revolutionary communistic ideals and wor...

• Word Count: 2028
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In 1935 Stalin published A Short Course: The History of the All-Union Communist Party. ... His stance on democracy and opposition was obvious, along with the new concept of a one party state. ... Although the party was dictatorial Lenin was not, and allowed limited freedom of opinion and dissent. ... After the murder of Sergei Kirov, Leningrad Party chief, in 1934 Stalin launched a campaign of terror to eliminate the party of all opposition. ... But it was also Stalin who left behind his party to achieve this goal, a characteristic Lenin would not have pursued. ...

• Word Count: 1728
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although they represent heroic communist figures, Gleb and Dasha Chumalov, are not simply mouthpieces of the communist ideology; they are realistic and represent the truthful inner conflict a typical Soviet citizen was experiencing at the time. ... While this description alone represents a strictly idealized communist, Gladkov goes further to describe the pain Gleb experiences as well upon his arrival, particularly when he becomes nostalgic about his previous relationship with his wife, Dasha. ... Alongside the image of a strong, communist worker is that of a typical husband desiring the comfo...

• Word Count: 3036
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

As Marx outlined in his work, The Communist Manifesto, the bourgeoisie, being the more powerful class, employed the proletariat. ... After disagreements arose at the London Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Party in 1903, Lenin and his following split away from the Mensheviks who were the classical Marxists and formed the Bolshevik Party. ... In The Communist Manifesto, Marx clarifies the role of the Communists: 1. ... In essence, Marx believed that there was no distinction between the Communists and the proletariat. ... The purpose of the Communists was three fold: "formation of the ...

• Word Count: 1739
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Lenin thought a party formed of "professional revolutionaries" was needed in order to bring about some changes. ... Lenin believed that a smaller organization made up of a select amount of members was better than having a huge party that consisted of "a hundred fools". Having a smaller party would help in preventing information from being leaked and would ensure a certain amount of secrecy within the organization. The party would be called the "Vanguard Party". ... The ideas that Lenin brought to Russia and to the Marxist theory were huge reasons as to why Russia became a communist country ...

• Word Count: 1014
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONARY AVANT-GARDE The avant-garde way of life prospered in Russia directly following the Revolution of 1917, generating one of the most awe-inspiring art movements of the twentieth century. Assembling an entirely new government, the Bolsheviks gave free reign to the Russian avan...

• Word Count: 4641
• Approx Pages: 19
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In his rise to power, Stalin held a number of senior administrative posts within the Soviet government and party apparatus, becoming in April 1922 general secretay of the ruling Communist Party, a post which he subsequently built up into the most powerful in the country. After Lenin's death in January 1924, Kamenev and Zinoviev governed the party. ... From then on Stalin can be said to have exercised control over the party and the country, although this was not complete until the Great Purge of 1936-38. ... Trotsky's August 1940 assassination in Mexico, where he had lived in exile s...

• Word Count: 1356
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Despite the obvious communist incentives of the revolutionary thought such as the abolition of redemption payments, such economic policies only brought Russia into " a state of ruin" as Lenin claimed. ... The originally communistic goals of the revolution when implemented caused great economic problems such as famine, so capitalistic policies had to be introduced to fix up the problems that they caused with their Marxist principles. ... Later in post-revolutionary Russia Lenin and the Bolshevik party launched the slogan of "peace, bread and land" to gain increased support for the Bolshev...

• Word Count: 926
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Anti-communist historian Richard Pipesi highlights the success in the Bolsheviks using terror 1918 to preserve a totalitarian dictatorship Bolsheviks ' were successful in using terror to preserve power during their time in power, simply because apart from terror they only had popular support'. ... Under the rule of Lenin and the Bolshevik party, 1917 "1923 the forces of reaction were successful in preserving a dictatorship with the use of terror as a main instrument. Putting into consideration the circumstances in which the Bolsheviks seized power, it could be debated that inte...

• Word Count: 1853
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

He utilized this time to study Marxist writings such as The Communist Manifesto as well as his general studies. ... Petersburg where he registered for the bar as well as continued his efforts in opposition to not only the Tsarist government, but also the Narodniki, who were part of the Social Revolutionary Party which was also opposed to the Tsarist government for decades. ... In this book, he carefully outlines his concept of political action and completely rejects the Western role of a democratic political party working within the framework of parliamentary democracy. It was around this t...

• Word Count: 1180
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"It was a party with authoritarian tendencies, and one that had always had a strong leader "even, according to Lenin's opponents, a dictatorial one."" ... The Bolsheviks wished for a true communist Russia, but often it was unclear whether they were Marxists or authoritarians ruling a peasant majority that only wished for peace rather than continuing to spread communism. ...

• Word Count: 1036
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate