... the German Confederation. Eventually, southern German states were included as nationalism rose through fighting the Franco-Prussian War. The Ems Dispatch, a telegram describing the course of an encounter between French Ambassador, Vincent Benedetti, and Prussian King, Wilhelm I, was a powerful catalyst of the war. The two diplomats met unofficially to discuss the succession of the Spanish throne. Prussian ... hand. Its population was larger. It believed it had allies in Austria-Hungary and Italy. France was far more experienced in modern industrialized warfare than Prussia. The French al...

• Word Count: 1097
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... one banner. Prussia is blessed with opportunities and strength, troubled by an already fading great power, the Austrian empire and the glory of the French empire, desperate to assert dominance over the German states. While the growth of nationalism in the German states following both the industrial revolution and ... be France " the second obstacle to a unified Germany. He needed Austrian support in the future if he was to face the French army but still had to make sure Austria cannot interfere in German matters. In 1866 Prussia went to war with Austria over the unresolved Schleswig ......

• Word Count: 1378
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... what the Treaty of Versailles had to include, the treaty included parts of what every country wanted in it. The treaty is named after the French palace where leaders met and discussed ways of leadership and general discussion. This shows that the defeated countries were indeed in this position of Germany, ... the peace treaty was drawn up by David Lloyd George (The British Prime Minister), Woodrow Wilson (The US president) and also Georges Clemenceau (The French Prime Minister). From the decisions made, Germany had lost everything She was asked to pay £6600 million for the damage cause...

• Word Count: 1207
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as "non-political" as possible, with their non-political attitude usually clouding an authoritarian and conservative bias. In short, the German constitutional order after 1871 differed significantly from American and French political culture in which constitutions were directed "by the will of the people." Bismarck saw the German constitution and the Reichstag as granted by the German princes, a "gift" they ... natural protective walls existed. His foreign policy therefore remained cautious and peaceful. He considered Germany a saturated state. The loss of Alsace and Lorraine and the h...

• Word Count: 10254
• Approx Pages: 41
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Prussian Hohenzollern family. France vehemently opposed such a successor because it feared encirclement through Prussia, and wanted to place a member of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne instead. When the French ambassador Comte Benedetti approached King Wilhelm I about the matter and asked for Prince Leopold to decline the throne, Wilhelm was willing to do this. However when Benedetti demanded that no ... to secure neutrality of all major European powers. Austria was still appeased due to the kind Prussian settlements, Russia was not interested in western matters, Italy was inte...

• Word Count: 2540
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , payment would be adjusted to Germany's capacity to pay. As part of the plan, Germany was to receive an immediate loan and the French occupation of the Ruhr ceased. The acceptance of the Dawes plan along with French agreement to leave the industrial heartland of Germany marked the beginning of a period of economic growth and success. The reduction in the burden of ... improve relations with France, the 'old enemy'. The result was the treaty of Loranco, signed between France, Germany, Belgium, Britain and Italy in October 1925. The treaty guaranteed the French-German and the German-...

• Word Count: 1054
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Napoleon thought must surely be a long power struggle between them, and so were to remain neutral. However the Austro-Prussian war ended quickly in a decisive victory for Austria, leaving the French, the last major power Bismarck would have to deal with, feeling vulnerable and threatened by the decisive power shift. Again it was Bismarck's influence that provoked the final step to ... war, with him having an edited version of the Ems telegraph published so that the French Ambassador was humiliated. The French public would tolerate no more, Napoleon had to react or his public would have ...

• Word Count: 1748
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with France would drive the southern states into German owned land. But France declared war on Prussia to teach Germany a lesson. Germany and Austria were united and they destroyed the French army at Sedan and eventually France surrendered, and accepted Bismarck's harsh peace terms. The south German states agreed to join the German Empire and William I was declared the emperor of ... later East Africa. France took parts of West and Central Africa. Later the British took Sudan and it exemplified the process of the empire building in Africa. In Asia the French took Indonesia and the Dutch...

• Word Count: 1851
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... like Prussia. The fact that the smaller states would come to the aide of Prussia if she were attacked shows that Bismarck was aware that war with Napoleon and his French army was inevitable and this means that everything Bismarck does after this is done with a mind to win the war. The fact that the situation had developed to the point ... where war had became inevitable was due as much to the clumsy and incautious way that the French government handled the issue as it was to Bismarck's planning and actions. However Bismarck's planning and actions did bring about another milestone in the...

• Word Count: 1594
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... have a common people scattered and restricted in so many states. They longed for a sense of national identity and pride, and felt that they deserved a fatherland just as the British and French had theirs. Economically, the drawbacks of the great number of states were more than apparent. Each state had its own system of customs and tariffs, thus making trade between states ... a candidate for the Spanish throne. Napoleon III of France expressed great opposition to the move, saying that it was a threat to France. Bismarck wittingly rearranged a telegram from France, outlining the French c...

• Word Count: 1379
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... before 1815 as In 1792 France conquered "Germany" and instead of going in and taking over France decided to provide, "fraternity and assistance" to all who wanted liberty. Napoleon, the French Emperor, reorganised "Germany" from around 300 small states into about 30 much larger states to protect France from her enemy Russia and also so that "Germany" was much easier to ... than before when they were ruled be Germans they were still being controlled by France in not being allowed to trade with Britain and having to provide soldiers for the French army. The German people did not like this...

• Word Count: 580
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was a dynamic personality who alternately captivated and terrified those with whom she came into contact. RUMOR ABOUT CATHERINE? Her policies were equally complex, influenced on the one hand by new French ideas of social justice and the nobility of the human race, and on the other hand by traditional Russian ideas of absolute rule over an enserfed and subhuman population. Intruction ... of rights and priveleges of noble class. Her reforms did little to enhance the lives of the vast majority of her people. Although she often spoke in terms of the French philosophers who saw the enserfmen...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of Commons. Castlereagh had several main objectives at Vienna. Like Austria, Britain desired a moderate policy towards France. He wanted the establishment of a balance in power in the continent, particularly between French and Russian power. Castlereagh was aiming to minimize the inevitable tensions between the European powers. In general terms, Britain had secured the European settlement she wanted. At the end of ... of Britain, Prussia, Russia, and Austria. It aimed at preserving the peace. In autumn 1818, the first Congress to meet under the 1815 arrangements assembled at Aix-la-Chap...

• Word Count: 1280
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was that 50km east of the Rhine River was to be a demilatirized zone meaning that the Germans could not occupy that area with miltary and in the eyes of the French leader not pose any imidiate threat to France which was the aim of some of these clauses. One succes that could be seen in the Treaty of Versailles although not ... ...

• Word Count: 2033
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and linguistic Austrian Empire or were small independent monarchical states or even both. This change in the European map is due to the concept of nationalism which emerged from the French revolution in 1789, to become the most successful political force of the nineteenth century. Events like the Napoleonic wars, the improvement of communications, the revival of languages and social and ... ...

• Word Count: 3402
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate