Racism can be broken down into three basic categories: economic, governmental, and societal. ... Lastly and most importantly the racism in societal is the labels we put on people based on their skin color. Societal racism is the most harmful and influential because it involves economic and governmental racism. ... Tatei Thomas says "Racism, especially in our society is a disease of ignorance spreading rapidly through minds across America based on what we see and idolized. ... Societal racism is the most important because it has an aspect of economic and government racism, and can be see...

• Word Count: 594
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Starting with several cases in 1989, the Supreme Court has restricted affirmative action by: "[giving] greater weight to claims of reverse discrimination, outlawed the use of minority set-asides in cases where prior racial discrimination could not be proved, and placed stricter limits on states' use of racial preferences than it did on the federal government. ... Pena (1995), the court placed stricter limits on affirmative-action programs, stating they were unconstitutional unless they fulfilled a 'compelling governmental interest'." ("affirmative action") Currently in the S...

• Word Count: 2072
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

In such cases, courts have generally insisted on applying "strict scrutiny"-the most intense level of judicial review-to government actions. Under this tough standard, the use of race in governmental decisions making may be upheld only if it serves a compelling government objective and only if it is "narrowly tailored" to advance that objective (Kennedy 70-74). Racial profiling should be ended even if the generalizations on which the technique is based are supported by empirical or factual evidence. ... I have been in a courtroom before and I know that if an officer says he did not base his ac...

• Word Count: 1414
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The United States government should pay reparations to African Americans as a means of admitting their wrong-doing and making amends. ... America alleges they are a religious based country and their faith resides in God. ... The Pongee Bryant government should compensate the Black race and put an end to a never-ending oppression cycle. The government of the United States of America has been instrumental in having pressured the German and Japanese governments into the payments of reparations to the people who suffered and survived the crimes and legacy of slavery endured during World...

• Word Count: 1165
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

For many decades now, our government has been treating people differently based on their skin color, causing no one to be or feel equal towards one another. In fact, as we are experiencing today, the government also created discriminating policies in the past, including Jim Crow laws and slavery. ... Another example of preferential treatment of minorities is when students are seen as being admitted into academic institutions based solely on their race, despite that their academic score are drastically lower than standards. ... They then brought a lawsuit against the school claiming the admissi...

• Word Count: 1605
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

If affirmative action is supposed to support the individual, why is it solely based on race and why doesn't it apply to every situation based on the potential of the individual involved? ... Our most powerful and sacred document that holds all the power in the government is colorblind. ... The US government has " more than ninety thousand organizations with contracts valued at $50,000 or more." ... In order to create a system that is fair the government needs to do additional research in improving its present situation. Affirmative action should be based on the fact that it is giving e...

• Word Count: 2152
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

After the passage of these amendments, two of the three branches of government disconnected themselves with the issue of black civil rights. ... This occurred as the other, more industrial, interests of the broad based party dominated their platform; leaving the blacks to face the wrath of the Southerners. ... The Court prompted discrimination by implying that if blacks wanted legal protection, they would need to seek it from their state, not national, government. ... "The object of the amendment was undoubtedly to enforce the absolute equality of the two races before the law, but in the na...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Whether people liked it or not the economy was based on the backs of slavery and America needed them to survive. ... Although this justification was misconstrued and Canaan not Ham was cursed, they continued to use this example because it was the first justification of slavery based on ethnicity. ... They would point out that there was no actual amendment made to the constitution discussing slavery and most of all no amendment made towards the government even frowning upon slavery. ... A country is based on tradition, everything has a precedence and the country made theirs with the first...

• Word Count: 708
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Kennedy signed a bill forcing government contractors to extinguish discrimination due to race, religion or national origin. Since that law came into existence, many changes have taken place to provide a broader scope of protection for what the government calls protected class members. ... Kennedy signed a bill forcing government contractors to cease discrimination due to race, religion, or national origin. ... Government was unable to ignore the issues any longer without a great penalty. Compassion to help the underprivileged also attributed to government making the first step to take actio...

• Word Count: 1980
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There are many alternative ways the government can promote equality within the educational system. ... Although a diverse student body may produce some positive qualities around a college campus, it should not be considered a compelling reason to accept certain students over others based on their appearance. ...

• Word Count: 2129
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Historical Consciousness After watching the Space Traders I realized how angry I would be if our government allowed such an action which in turn lead me to realizing why there is still so much hostility in our country regarding racism. If I got mad over a story and was disgusted by our government's fictional actions I can definitely understand how racism is still evident in today's society and why African Americans feel the need to fight the "white power". ... Reading the government's apology in class to the Native Americans still shocks me because it seems as if the g...

• Word Count: 2862
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

However, Cain changed his position during a recent interview with CNN, where he said the government should play no role in guiding a woman in what to do after rape or incest. ... "It is simply unacceptable for those who oppose legal abortion to use inflammatory and divisive language based on race to push an ideological agenda" (McCaffrey)....

• Word Count: 556
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

There was just simply not enough whites to fill the roles of labour thus the Bantu were imperative to the the economic aspect of apartheid as they were base of the network. ... To give a cliche analogy, the apartheid government was continually trying to put a band aid on a third degree burn. ... An important aspect of such actions was that they constituted part if a movement that politically conscious policy makers began to consider when examining U.S. foreign policy toward minority white-ruled governments on the African continent (Schraeder, U.S. ... In early 1966, an even more important c...

• Word Count: 3701
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Apartheid, literally meaning separateness or setting apart , was the ideology of the South African National Party that made the segregation of and discrimination against non-whites government policy. ... The National Party convinced the white population that unless the government could exercise firm control over non-whites in South Africa, black Africans would soon dominate both urban centers and the industrial economy. ... However, Scott makes reference to the use of High Modernism by repressive right wing governments. ... This act tightened the segregation of the school system and reorgan...

• Word Count: 2509
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead criticism and analysis must be based upon what is best for the Black community in this country. From this perspective it becomes clear that although race-based jury nullification has many attractive features, it must be modified to be truly beneficial. ... In any policy discussion, formulation of a plausible and effective solution clearly must be based upon the nature of the problem. ... It also found that of all federal death row inmates, 67 percent are Black.11 Despite the fact that these statistics are startling and important, they are insufficient to justify race-based jury nullifi...

• Word Count: 3584
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Colonial Rule in Africa It is important to know for clarification that racism within the colonial context was a form of biological determinism.3 This means that the colonial state could determine the status and capacities of different human populations based on their genetic makeup. ... However the moment the colonial state was established, colonial administrators wanted to develop the state with notions that were simple to comprehend, therefore the formation of tribes was based on either genetic makeup and thus gave each ethnicity certain kind of characteristics. ... Another reason that may h...

• Word Count: 2491
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Slavery was based on legal ownership and "division along ethnic and racial lines". ... In effort to further determine the differences among the social classes, Genovese describes how legal codes gradually made racism the official policy of the colonial governments. ...

• Word Count: 906
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Opinions of other races and nationalities are based on stereotypes. ... Justice Sandra Day O"Connor also supports this action by saying "The unhappy persistence of both the practice and the lingering effects of racial discrimination is an unfortunate reality and the government is not disqualified from acting in response to it." and finally Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg says that "..The court [recognizes] the persistence of congress's authority to act affirmatively, not only to end discrimination, but also to counteract discrimination's lingering effects. ... Affirmative action is desig...

• Word Count: 1530
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

(Schencker, Brenner, The Daily Illini) Taylor states, "in constitutional-law parlance, while racial profiling may be presumptively unconstitutional, that presumption is overcome in the case of airline passengers, because the government has a compelling interest in preventing mass-murder-suicide hijackings, and because close scrutiny of Arab-looking people is narrowly tailored to protect that interest. ... As a witness, "I believe based on my research, that racial profiling may happen to every color of skin, but the main focus and stand by go predominately to those of African American and Mex...

• Word Count: 1099
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Aside from biased views, there are also many flaws that exist in our justice system, such as the appearance of racial inequality in court, problems of the public defender system such that it is based mostly on the socioeconomic concept, and the involvement of police abuse and misconduct. ...

• Word Count: 3114
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Between 1955 and 1968 acts of nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations between government authorities and activists. All levels of government local through federal often had to respond to these crises immediately and were forced to face the inequalities faced by the black Americans. ... The Masons were a self-selecting brotherhood who undertook civic and political activities to improve local communities and influence both state and national governments. ... African American fraternal orders helped form the base of the civil rights...

• Word Count: 3545
• Approx Pages: 14
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bakke held that the Constitution forbids public universities and other government agencies to use rigid racial quotas but does not forbid the use of race as a "factor- among others. ... Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates. ...

• Word Count: 1755
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Hopefully future accomplishments by anyone will be credited to the original inventor and not ever again be based on racial, national or religious bias. ... At this time, with all the turmoil in the world and the rise and fall of entire governments, along racial lines, we now know for certain that these assumptions by the educated upper classes of the past were deeply flawed. ...

• Word Count: 1655
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Had the government made it a rule that all Black people were to be enslaved rather than simply allowing it, the situation would be somewhat different. ... Aside from any philosophical or idea-based arguments against reparations, there exist a number of logistical barriers to repaying blacks for their suffering. ...

• Word Count: 1457
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Thus, the greatest threat to democracy was seen as coming from class warfare that destabilized a nation's economy, society and government, and threatened the peaceful and harmonious implementation of laws.... While it can easily be argued that the southern motives against slavery were solely based on embedded racism, it is important to note that most Americans felt the exact same way about the issue. ...

• Word Count: 1706
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate