Darnton mentions that mesmerist writing carried the tone of "injured innocence and opposition to the scientific establishment.""7 This excerpt portrays an avenue in which this scientifically- based group evolved over time to include a strong aspect of radical politics. The Mesmerists wrote numerous pamphlets sharing their distrust and affliction towards the scientific academies and later the government. ... As Darnton recalls, "the government offered Mesmer a life pension of 20,000 livres and another 10,000 a year to set up a clinic."" ... Finally, Westfall points out that Newton was elected ...

• Word Count: 1480
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The kinds of governments in each region caused the New England colonies to have laws based on religion that they created themselves and followed to please God, while the colonies in the Chesapeake area were often unhappy with their government who often pleased the rich and ignored the needs of the poor. ... In the Chesapeake region, colonists were often unhappy with their government. ... While justifying his rebellion against the government, Bacon expressed how the government was corrupt, only served the needs of the rich and "sucked up the public treasure". The colonist's conte...

• Word Count: 1110
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The New England region based their government on their religious values. It was controlled by the church, and the laws were based on the Bible. ... The Chesapeake region in their government was exactly the opposite of that in New England. Their government was based on materialistic instead of idealistic, and it was disliked by many. ... As a result the Chesapeake region has a very weak form of government whereas the New England had an extremely strong government. ...

• Word Count: 805
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

What is meant by this, is that government should stay out of the church's business. ... Tyrannical government causes conflict in society and that was what was happening in Europe. ... Faith groups and institutions require the involvement of government in order to help them accomplish their tasks in society. Churches have the same goal as government does, which is to serve the people and to protect them, so why not work together to achieve these goals. ... People are allowed to think or share their opinions, as well as form different groups, whether for social or political groups withou...

• Word Count: 2044
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

New England and Chesapeake were influenced by political tribulations, rebellions, and inability to defend each government. ... Rebellions within the colonies broke out, which lead to settlers supporting and relying on the government officials who would shame the settlers of other regions (Doc H). ... However the New Englanders had a very strong religious base, and thought of themselves to be "God's providence" (Doc. ... John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans who envisioned a Puritan based utopic society (Doc A). ... When settlers arrived in New England, organized systems of governme...

• Word Count: 610
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Fascism This is the age of fear, inequality and extreme forms of government. The 20th century has seen the rise and fall of totalitarian governments and the terror and loss of human lives as a result. ... Fascism also rejects the liberal doctrines of individual autonomy and rights, political pluralism, and representative government, yet it advocates broad popular participation in politics and may use parliamentary channels in its drive to power. ... It is non -religion based; in fact, it discourages people's devotion to the church. ... Islamic Fundamentalism is a dogmatic, religion ...

• Word Count: 619
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"This law puts women and their doctors, not insurance companies or the government, in charge of health care decisions (May). ... He continued to berate the government for forcing anyone, even company owners, to violate their religious beliefs (Thornton). ... Judge Kane's ruling was based on the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993, that states that any "substantial burden" placed on religious beliefs having a "compelling government interest" and be the "least restrictive means" of advancing that interest. ... Another religious institution, Priests for Life and 57 additional p...

• Word Count: 998
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The most important of these social changes can be observed in human relationships, family economy, education, government, health, and religion. ... In pre-industrial societies income and the economy as a whole, were based on agriculture and manufacturing in home. ... In modern economies everything is based on industrial mass production and white-collar jobs have increased. ... In modern societies government is done indirectly and people have little participation in decision making. ... Therefore, the only thing that seems to work better in traditional societies is domestic government, as anyon...

• Word Count: 891
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The government's main job is to serve and protect the people in society. Morality is based off of following natural law, which is a fundamental duty in Locke's society. ... All this put together allows for a more free society and limited government. ... In Locke's society the government has no sovereignty of it's own; therefore, if society and the members feel as if the government is impeding their individual rights and moral code, they have the ability to dissolve the government at any time. ... Locke's system is based upon individual rights, but it also relies on the...

• Word Count: 1819
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Bangladesh is characterized as a mono-national Bengali state by some, which also becomes more vivid in the remote rural areas, especially when killings based on religion is not an unheard issue. ... In political terms, secularism is a movement towards the separation of religion and government (often termed the separation of church and state). This can refer to reducing ties between a government and a state religion, replacing laws based on scripture (such as the Bible, Torah and Sharia law) with civil laws, and eliminating discrimination on the basis of religion. ... Caste based discrimination...

• Word Count: 2081
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The Chesapeake's measure of success was financially based, and their goal was to establish a wealthy colony. ... The New England colonists' measure of success was religiously based, and their goal was to establish a pious colony. ... This caused a great division among New England colonists based on their beliefs, as the Puritans would not stand for any other religious notions and practices, than that of their own. ... Each of the regions' opinion of a successful colony shaped whom ruled their governments and what these government officials set in place for the colonies to rea...

• Word Count: 1906
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

These are democratic ideas and a representative government. In this colonial government, governors were responsible for enforcing British trade laws and carrying out other commands. ... Colonial politics was heavily based on theocratic ideas. ...

• Word Count: 394
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Aristotle and Niccolo Machiavelli agree that human nature predisposes men to serve their own interests, and that we need government to control our innate desires, and yet the two disagree on the origin of government and its purpose. ... Although Aristotle's government operates in the pursuit of human excellence, it is based on an optimistic notion, that men will choose and continue to seek moral advancement. ... Machiavelli argues that extraordinary men founded political societies, and that any government's primary purpose should be to preserve itself. ... Machiavelli suggests tha...

• Word Count: 1841
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

This statue was part of a fundamental government program and had no specific religious intentions and did not give any group special privileges. ... Other government services are given to religious schools, like a sewer systems, so this reimbursement is no different other than it is more direct. ... This clause does not permit the government to do anything that excessively and unfairly gives special treatment to a specific religion over another as well as prohibiting the establishment of an official religion within the government. ... Although the Establishment Clause was broadly structured, i...

• Word Count: 3421
• Approx Pages: 14
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Though created by men living in a society that was driven mostly by Christian morals, the American Constitution of 1787, as amended by the Bill of Rights, established a system of government in which religious liberty was to be protected. ... The presence of a religious clergy in political matters too greatly represented the form of government in Great Britain, that which revolutionaries had been so adamant to leave behind. ... Called by critics the "enemy of all religion," Jefferson attempted to reconcile Christianity with the Enlightenment.17 Frank Lambert rightly concluded that though the "...

• Word Count: 3342
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Prejudice and discrimination came into play based on separation of these groups. ... However, discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group based on prejudice. ... As an example, the Israelis and Arabs are still in conflict due to prejudice towards one other based on the lack of knowledge, from both sides, of the other culture. ... Finally, Society would benefit from the absence of Prejudice and discrimination because much of the human race's problems occur based on these two terms. ... This would put an end to governmental hierarchy and domination over the less wealthy ...

• Word Count: 665
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Even with constant education and reminders by the government to practice safe sex, some clients ignore the consequences of unprotected sex and instead, are willing to pay more to the prostitute to "go without condoms", increasing their chances of contacting such fatal diseases. ... Moreover, morality is generally based on the one's beliefs, hence there is no definite right or wrong to prostitution, just that generally it is not accepted. ...

• Word Count: 395
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Based on the same concept as mathematics, the idea of having a purely logical and rational knowledge became very important. ... Likewise, if one opens the book itself, he or she will find that on the first few pages of the first edition preface, Kant tells us morality is not based on religion; rather, religion is based on morality. ... Kant considered religion, together with language, as the most important obstacle to attaining world government as a condition for establishing a lasting peace. ... From this primitive force rise conspicuous cultural institutions that we mistakenly perceive...

• Word Count: 2019
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Although fundamentalism may be based on religious motives, it has often been politicized and turned to violent means. ... "Recently, power-mongering, self-interest, and corruption are at the forefront of political activities; honesty, altruism, service, harmony, justice, and the public good are not the primary motivating forces in most government actions- (455). ... The worst excesses of materialistic greed, crime, and ethnic hatreds have erupted wherever repressive governments have fallen. ...

• Word Count: 654
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The beliefs of these three different religious movements have proven to show great influence into the foundations of our government and our country in many ways. ... His concept of God is based around that God predestined some people, the Elect, for salvation; and that all individuals were born with original sin. ... Since the Scripture offered solutions to all problems of individual conduct, church and secular government, and social organization, and educated citizenry was necessary to enable individuals to interpret the meaning of the Scripture for their lives. ...

• Word Count: 768
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

That party is the government. ... In these cases the physician may treat the child, but only after taking temporary custody of the child based on neglect. ... In my opinion there needs to be more steps taken by the states and the federal government to get the laws off the books that allow parents to not be tried for abuse or neglect for refusing medical treatment to their children. ... I think that it is our duty to look out for the well being of children in this country, and I think that duty crosses all boundaries, whether they be religious, cultural, traditional, or ignorance based....

• Word Count: 1604
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Syndicalism is a form of revolutionary trade unionism that is based on a crude notion of class war and emphasizes the use of direct action and the general strike. ... As a result, individuals would learn to cooperate with each other in a way that everyone is able to benefit from the fair and equal trade without interference from the government. ... It is also argued that is would be impossible for anarchism to come about as for it to be implemented as a political system, a collection of politicians would be needed to run for it in a general election to become the government which completely c...

• Word Count: 1085
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Instead, it was believed the people needed a resilient government and a carefully formulated code of law, along with a regulating power that would strictly implement these rules and punish harshly even the most minor violations. Li Ma states that, "among the Chinese Legalists the foundations of obedience rest upon the fear of punishment, based on a very strict application of penal law. ... Therefore, the ruler had to be picked based on establishing order and persevering it. ...

• Word Count: 1267
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Marx was a reductionism who thought that religion (and nearly all other phenomena) could only be properly understood as "a symptom of something more real and substantial that lies underneath it," which he called the "base" (145)*. He insisted that "economic facts have formed the foundation of social life; they are the base that generates the division of labour, the struggle of classes, and alienation" (136)*. From this primal force rise conspicuous cultural institutions, which we mistakenly perceive as independent, e.g., government, the arts, philosophy, and religion. ... Although he present...

• Word Count: 2462
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Shinto is based on the belief that gods are represented in our natural landscape and emphasizes the divineness of nature. ... According to Palanjian (2004), "Shiatsu, reinforced by clinical research, receives official Japanese government sanction and is regarded by many as a life-changing experience" (p. 107). ...

• Word Count: 1127
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate