Approximately 12,000 federal prisoners will be released early because of the U.S. Sentencing Commission's decision to retroactively apply the Fair Sentencing Act, which reduced prison terms for inmates convicted of crack-cocaine offenses. On a unanimous vote, "unfairly long sentences" for crack offenders, who are mostly African Americans, were reduced to be more compatible with sentences given ... ...

• Word Count: 790
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in cases where people die from food safety violations, convicted suspects should be given the death sentence. In cases where the food was not lethal, suspects will receive longer prison terms and larger fines. Furthermore, government officials who are found protecting food safety violators or accepting bribes from them will also be handed harsher punishments (Jiang). Pei Xianding, Judge of Supreme ... ...

• Word Count: 519
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... organized crime, it is important to first understand what organized crime actually is, apart from what the media portrays it as. Michael Lyman and Gary Potter (2015) explain that there is no set definition of organized crime as it varies from police definitions, international definitions, and definitions in scholarly literature ... it is important to note that it does not limit organized crime to any specific type or group of people whether it is in terms of race, class, ethnicity, gender, age, etc. In contrast, the media represents organized criminal groups based on race, class and ......

• Word Count: 1692
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the most continual crime reported in 2012, accounting for 40% 18- 24 year olds accused (Allen, 2014). 84% of hate crime offences were committed by males (Allen, 2014). In 1995 Harry Abrams reported to police that the North Shore Free Press Ltd. published or caused to be published articles that discriminate against Jewish persons. Abrams claimed that the articles would promote ... through the multiple definitions hate crime is it can also be difficult to properly characterize what it is. In Hate Crimes: Criminal Law and Identity Politics, James B. Jacobs and Kimberly Potter describe hate...

• Word Count: 1330
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... treat and prevent juvenile crime. Nonetheless, these programs and developments will not succeed unless officials start putting more focus and effort into these programs. In their article, the Jenson, Potter and Howard all strongly believe that a high priority should be placed on funding and developing delinquency programs within neighborhood and school settings (63). Those authors also point out that there ... are very "few efficacious treatments" and that "innovative and effective treatment approaches" need to be developed and considered (Jenson, Potter and Howard 63). There are youth w...

• Word Count: 2903
• Approx Pages: 12
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... on student behavior. These effects are related to metal detectors, school uniforms, and security personnel. The results indicated that no differences between schools with or without metal detectors existed in terms of threats of physical fights; school uniforms did reduce the number of reported inappropriate social behaviors in Long Beach; resulted in higher ratings of school climate on 7 of ten ... more businesslike school environment, students and teachers rated students in uniform as better behaved and exhibiting greater achievement; and, teachers but not students indicated that unif...

• Word Count: 1612
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... but instead only a means of taking a linguistic burden out of the text.] Capital punishment, of course, refers to the punishment of death on the criminal. However, as the justice Harry Blackmun declared in 1994: "When we execute a capital defendant in this country, we rely on the belief that the individual was guilty, and was convicted and sentenced after a fair trial ... the purposes of justice, representing a higher overall statistic than that which is represented in the general population. This suggests that the number of criminal offenders is statistically higher in terms of mental r...

• Word Count: 5114
• Approx Pages: 20
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... expectations' (2011: 92). As discussed in this essay, many of the problems associating masculinity with violence are to do with social status and upbringing. MacInnes (1998) agrees with this in terms of arguing that male rights are under constant critique, combining these problems with long-term unemployment, social exclusion, and deindustrialization. The decline of 'masculine jobs' such as manual labour ... revolution process. The traditional idea of a 'man' had been taken away, which was creating false expectations, and when these expectations aren't met, they take control o...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... measures statutes, conspiring to fix prices, evading corporate taxes, computer crimes, and so on. White-collar crime is most distinctively defined in terms of attitudes toward those who commit it. These crimes are punishable by law, however it is generally regarded by the courts and by ... a lifetime. This is especially true when the elderly are victimized, as they have little or no hope of re-establishing themselves in financial terms. Contrary to the popular belief, white-collar criminals are thieves and the methods used to conceal their offenses are both artful and ingenious. ... us...

• Word Count: 3718
• Approx Pages: 15
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... citations to appear, in proper docket order. 3. Interviews defendants, their families and friends and conducts background investigations to determine the types of sentences and to create corrective action plans. 4. Recommends fines, jail time, probation, community service and/or rehabilitation to the Judge at the defendant's sentencing hearing; contacts local schools, shelters, or places of ... employment, and other resources to assist probationers with their rehabilitation, community service, and corrective action plans. 5. Meets with probationers to monitor their progress and to counse...

• Word Count: 1772
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... support, but that can be due to social change and new forms of social media (Britto and Noga-Styron 2014). Another look is how media affects other media. Baum and Potter (2008) notice that, "journalists shape news by determining the newsworthiness of storiesThis potential for bias increases the heightened prominence of more-partisan 'new' media outlets." The news ... ...

• Word Count: 2700
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to the execution of innocent persons (321). Lee goes on to say that failure to punish crimes such as murder are the seeds of anarchy. Lee quotes Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart saying that the "instinct for retribution is part of the nature of man and channeling the instinct in the administration of criminal justice serves an important purpose in promoting ... ...

• Word Count: 812
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Jackson was killed, deputies cut the rope into pieces and threw them out to the crowd for souvenirs (Carlson 13). Executions were considered to provide the public with an effective lesson in the need for citizens to obey the law. By the 1920's and 1930's, however, public sentiment had swayed against administering the death penalty in public. Crowds at executions were ... so let people take a look at what happens" (Alter 33). Supporters say that the government has an obligation to allow reporters to cover executions, and the government cannot dictate the terms of that coverage. Restricti...

• Word Count: 2012
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in the Good Lives model. The Good Lives model provides a more holistic approach and constructive way of engaging with offenders. It proposes that correctional interventions should promote offenders aspirations and plans for better lives as well as manage/reduce risk in the community. Restorative Justice (RJ) is a fairly new initiative in the Probation Service within the UK, however its popularity continues ... rate of RJ, in regards to recidivism, and found that those who had been involved in RJ, committed 27 % fewer crimes (Shapland, 2008). The Restorative Justice Council reports that ...

• Word Count: 2070
• Approx Pages: 8
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , for example hitting it in its economic interests. Other phenomena that death penalty supporters think avoidable only with its use, like private revenge, are to be faced, according to opponent's terms of social education, that is, helping and following former prisoners, and doing a general widespread work of legal education. There are two other considerations even more significant. First of all, the ... mental patients. In none of these cases it's possible that the fear to be sentenced to death could act as an effective deterrent. There is another heavy limit. One who plans a crime rati...

• Word Count: 2839
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... policies can be overwhelming. An important aspect of crisis intervention is preparing the family for the possibility that the mother will serve time. Consideration should be given to long-range plans and support BEFORE the mother goes to trial. Many of the children of incarcerated mothers will need case management services and appropriate referrals as a result of exposure to maternal substance ... is imperative that professionals who believe in the primacy of family bridge the gap between the corrections system and family support services. This nation cannot afford, either economically ...

• Word Count: 1894
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... scared straight program. The courts main function however is to find the best rehabilitation method for that individual. At any point that the offender fails to meet all of the terms of probation, they then will be institutionalized. While they are being held, the facilities offer academic and vocational instruction, so that when they are released they might be less delinquent ... offenders would drop dramatically, if the officers could have constant personal contact with each of them. This is because they could help them with their personal problems, along with developing plans to keep...

• Word Count: 1245
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... should not be allowed to operate in the community, the residents' expectations of what is believed to occur if the half-way house is allowed to proceed with it proposed plans does not give any proof of what may actually occur in the neighborhood. Speculations, specifically those pertaining to depreciation of land values and possible criminal behavior, do not establish evidence ... the establishment of the Beacon House center on similar grounds as those residents who were protesting the halfway house, the law constitutes your negative expectations insufficient basis against Beacon House'...

• Word Count: 860
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and rage" (Gehrke/Branch B6). The majority of society refuses to accept criminals into their lives, so by standing more juveniles on trial as adults, the juveniles will learn a valuable lesson (Emerson 11). In addition, society takes advantage of those minors who allegedly commit certain crimes. Juveniles that have been tried as minors and released without penalty or even with a small ... penalty become prime bait for gangs because the system has failed to teach a lesson to the minor (McPolin A8). Lastly, society often comes into play inside the courtroom. Grand juries must decide wheth...

• Word Count: 1520
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and rage" (Gehrke/Branch B6). The majority of society refuses to accept criminals into their lives, so by standing more juveniles on trial as adults, the juveniles will learn a valuable lesson (Emerson 11). In addition, society takes advantage of those minors who allegedly commit certain crimes. Juveniles that have been tried as minors and released without penalty or even with a small ... penalty become prime bait for gangs because the system has failed to teach a lesson to the minor (McPolin A8). Lastly, society often comes into play inside the courtroom. Grand juries must decide wheth...

• Word Count: 1458
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's Capital Punishment Project. "What is this, some form of natural selection? Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr., D-I11 said, "death-penalty Darwinism? Death-penalty survival of the fittest?" (Love) Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun (once a supporter of executions) commented on the unfair application of capital punishment in the United States in 1994 saying, "I feel morally and intellectually obliged simply to concede that the ... ...

• Word Count: 2739
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's Capital Punishment Project. "What is this, some form of natural selection? Rep. Jesse Jackson, Jr., D-I11 said, "death-penalty Darwinism? Death-penalty survival of the fittest?" (Love) Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun (once a supporter of executions) commented on the unfair application of capital punishment in the United States in 1994 saying, "I feel morally and intellectually obliged simply to concede that the ... ...

• Word Count: 2861
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... one nation to the other. The causes of prison overcrowding are not restricted to the confines of criminal justice but stretch to other aspects of authorities including social well-being plans, access to healthcare, education, and job opportunities. According to Dubler," The Eighth Amendment's deliberate indifference standard, forbidding cruel and unusual punishment, presents a relatively demanding standard for proving liability." ... justice when passing sentences with considering the influences of their decisions to a prison system. Nevertheless, prison systems faced with these pro...

• Word Count: 752
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in small groups where they can express their feelings comfortably. • Provide regular opportunities for students individually and/or in small groups to discuss their experiences in school and make plans that offer hope and personal rewards. Though the above steps offer no magical solution for eliminating gangs, they offer valuable interventions that may make gangs appear less attractive and prepare ... in small groups where they can express their feelings comfortably. • Provide regular opportunities for students individually and/or in small groups to discuss their experiences in scho...

• Word Count: 2351
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... also caused many people with alcohol related health problems to not seek help due to there health condition being caused by alcohol, increasing the death count. We learned a very valuable lesson from the prohibition and that is: that we can't teach anyone by completely banning or taking something they are used to away like alcohol but controlling it is very necessary ... ...

• Word Count: 1531
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate