... the past, women offenders were portrayed as hysterical, irrational and incapable of being fully responsible for her actions and crimes due to her biology and sex. The earlier theories on female crime made women the target of outrageous studies concerned only with their sexuality. Unlike male studies in which male criminals are seen as a threatening force with which to be reckoned ... violence are controlled, girls are more likely than boys to be assigned to psychiatric units rather than correctional facilities.(rouncefield) The more current theories look at the sociological explanations...

• Word Count: 1233
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and violence, which will then lead me on to discuss the critical of social theories in relevance to the topic. I will then address the crisis of masculinity, hegemonic masculinity, and female criminality and will finish on concepts of sport and masculinity. I will relate to why violence appears to be associated with masculinity, by analysing these concepts, therefore creating a sustained argument in ... any crime. For us to obtain an understanding involving gender and crime, we must examine the historical concepts that have developed over the years. Wahidin states 'the study of fema...

• Word Count: 3847
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . This is the perspective that Emily Martin takes in the article "The egg and the sperm: how science has constructed a romance based on stereotypical male-female roles". Through her article, Martin tries to "shine a bright light on the gender stereotypes hidden within the scientific language of biology" (Martin, 1999). ... emphasize the stereotypes already existing in society. Martin provides examples of negative terms that are used to describe female reproductive organs, processes and the egg, and submits cases of positive female and male terms to describe the sperm and its activities....

• Word Count: 1338
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... really Gils sexual objectification of her that created any problem at all. In The Blot gender divides the public space of employment with males being represented within a professional sphere and female within a homemaking sphere emphasizing a patriarchal control over public space. Referring back to the main narrative of The Blot Weber wanted to express anger towards societies refusal to pay teachers and ... place for women in public, however it is her heterosexual relations with George that threatened, and in the end did put Stella, back within the male discourse. In The Blot female rel...

• Word Count: 2149
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... values exemplified by Frankenstein's utopian parents are what made his upbringing such a heavenly "train of enjoyment".The role of bringing up children in a patriarchal society is, stereotypically, female whilst the male function is more passive. This paragraph reflects these roles by presenting Frankenstein's mother as fulfilling the active function of tender caresses, whilst his father executes the more ... society apparent in Frankenstein's hometown, Geneva, condemns the lives of the marginalised to misery and wretchedness. Justine, a lower class maid in Frankenstein's Genevan househo...

• Word Count: 2624
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... dependent on the male. It tells the audience that men should be, and are reliable, brave and strong. The utilising of these perceptions enables a portrayal of male gratification on the female's behalf reiterating masculine and feminine conventions (Taylor and Willis, 1999, p.65). It reminds the audience that women have a need to be rescued and looked after by the dependable and masculine ... being perpetuated in this advertisement, assisting in the maintenance of a male dominated capitalist society reinforcing culture myths to which we have become accustomed (Watson, 2003, pp.14-15). As...

• Word Count: 691
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of their gender. Waitresses for example have the issue of having to deal with consumers whose primary reason for going to the restaurant is to communicate, and interact with the female employees. While for male employees this has the potential to occur, it is fair to say this is a very much-mitigated issue and from the feminist paradigm shows that the ... to a degree it is related to their gender. The waitresses make a wage that is significantly less than the managers, through a feminist lens this reflects a disproportionate pay in relation to primarily female positions compared to male...

• Word Count: 2535
• Approx Pages: 10
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... it definitely showcases that we are much harder on ourselves than our co-existing male counterparts. In her article "Girl VS. Girl", Wolf talks about female rivalry and how it affects us at every stage of life. Her main argument states that if you are a woman, more often than not, your ... first experience of an emotional melt down is caused by another female. She compares the two genders in society on this basis of such emotional aggression and maintains that the methods chosen by women are stealthier and ... not only in the dance sector but the world itself. It thoroughly analyzes the...

• Word Count: 1384
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... by appearing inconspicuous and dependent. Thus, Horney's explanation of "feminine psychology" suggests that social change might be able to remedy traits deemed undesirable. Rather than attributing the adolescent female's renunciation of the "active" role in life to the resolution of penis envy, Thompson attributed it to external social pressures. Horney suggests that penis envy is no more significant ... than the frequently observed wish in boys for breasts and a womb. "Modern" feminist psychoanalysis has rejected Freud's basic premise of biological/sexual determinism, which implies tha...

• Word Count: 1230
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

"A Reflection in the Looking Glass: A Parallel with the Past- An analytical analysis of Ahdaf Soueif's In the Eye of the Sun Universally and historically female writers have addressed issues regarding their female sexuality and women's role in society, per their cultural norms. Since this has long been the case many cultural norms and mores have been introduced to other societies. For instance, ... husband and a "baby on one arm- (Soueif, 529). Soueif apparently looks to historical fiction writing that parallels with social female issues. Her book, Eye in the Sun, includes a story pulled stra...

• Word Count: 465
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with what they believe to be a mere object? Is an object not incapable of producing a credible and trustworthy answer? Consequently, an audience is able to discern the marginilisation of female characters as a direct result of women being perceived as an unknown other within the cultural context. The ultimate price of this marginilisation of the unknown is Desdemona's life. Othello's decision ... to kill Desdemona on the basis of scant evidence reflects the marginilisation of the unknown female characters. After all, Othello concludes that he has been cuckolded without confronting Desde...

• Word Count: 1812
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... American society? The "social construction" of the category of gender has had its roots firmly planted since biblical times: from the creation of the female, Eve for man (so Adam would not be lonely) to the 1800s when women were not allowed (by men) the right to vote ... obey" their husbands (although the "obey" part seems to be absent recently). The role of the male being dominant or superior to the female is one that insists on transcending time despite modern day efforts for gender equality in society. We (society) constructed this category based on a ... and adolescence with boys b...

• Word Count: 3118
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... shaped through our choices influenced by behaviors and thought processes we learn through this social construction of gender. Therefore due to technoscience and social construction, is it possible to be a female by sex and a male by gender and vice versa? Can our self perceptions of who we are biologically and psychologically be shaped by technoscience and its social construction? This is ... proving evidence of technoscience being socially constructed and embodying values about sex when assigning gender and sex for the infant. The majority of intersexed infants are assigned the sex of ...

• Word Count: 1646
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

The current state of the female gender depends wildly upon whether or not women are of the western culture. However, since the majority of the world and other societies looks upon western culture ... these so called "models" that represent women are one in a million (so to speak). The television and other visual media sources also make celebrities the models of society. Female celebrities are shunned if they do not look as thin as the magazine and advertisement models, therefore, they also are forced to lose as much weight as possible and become ... be the delicate woman. Which is why, regar...

• Word Count: 645
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... McFerran 1988). In many parts of Asia, infanticide "the killing of infants "is relatively common and is more likely to happen to female children (Korbin 1983) ."" It is difficult to know why women are treated differently, it is deeply rooted in culture. Many poorer Asian families ... parliament and other levels of power structures, has sharply decreased. Many women refuse to participate in electoral contests fearing unequal and biased reactions to female candidates. The post-Soviet Central Asian states already have experience of quotas, the abandonment of which brought a reduction in the...

• Word Count: 2301
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

A women's role is seen as that of a domestic carer within the family. This subject rise's the question of whether the female role is the product of biology or socialisation. Biologists argue that the role is determined by her biology namely her ability to reproduce. This suggests that a woman is ... linked biologists claim that hormones affect behaviour, personality and the way we express emotions. There is evidence to back up this theory through experiments carried out on animals. When female rats where subjected to extra amounts of androgens, after they had given birth, they where found to ...

• Word Count: 545
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... removing herself from this society, she still has the assistance of Mrs Lynde, and therefore not becoming completely independent. Again this concept of autonomy, independence and self- determination of the female figure is also represented in the works of Robert Browning. In his acclaimed "Porphyria's Lover", Browning identifies convections of his society by challenging them. He composed a poem that addressed sex ... and illicit love however it was initiated by the supposed "less dominant" female character, which was completely indecent and unacceptable in the 19th century patriarchal s...

• Word Count: 2566
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... -singers and celebrities, who are mostly under nineteen years of age, debut on various types of TV programs. Directed by many heads of entertainment companies, young female celebrities are assigned a sexy and dollish concept, which have been most effective to attract teenage fans and adult fans between 20s and 40s. Amongst countless idols, a solo girl-idol, IU, ... Jinsil, the suicide rate almost tripled." (Song, 2015) Just as the suicide rate was affected by the celebrity, the rate of children sexual assault will be aggravated if Korean female girl groups use the Lolita Concept continu...

• Word Count: 1166
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... even an essential personal activity? A typical example of this, is dealt with in a University of Arizona study which considered the negative effect on performance of gender stereotyping when applied to female maths students (Schmader, 2002). Using the qualitative methodology of focus groups, this study aims to encourage participants to discuss their views on gender stereotypes in a relaxed, open environment. A qualitative ... students were recruited from the PSY307 Undergraduate Social Psychology module and divided into 15 groups, each holding one relaxed and unfettered collective disc...

• Word Count: 2714
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in shaping the particular identities that each person acquires during his or her lifetime socialisation is essential. These identities are linked to the performance of particular roles, such as male/female, child/adult, member of a cultural or occupational group etc. It is assumed that the social identities reflect natural differences between people, playing with toys and seeking attention of adults is ... acquire and the process of growing out of childhood and maturing into adult is often seen as something that happens automatically. It is also assumed that being born a male or a femal...

• Word Count: 2543
• Approx Pages: 10
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

When the body evolves and is capable of reproduction, the crucial difference between a male and female becomes more apparent, thus, clearly separating a girl from a boy. Naturally, the body will experience metamorphosis effortlessly, and this distinction ... sets of 15-18 teachers and children were observed. The information gathered was through extensive research and analysis of this diverse group. In total, there were 5 female head teachers, 9 female teacher's aides, and 112 children (42% girls and 58% boys) (Martin, 1998). There were many similarities and differences between all classrooms,...

• Word Count: 1345
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... contingent with age; we have boys and girls, men and women, grandfather and grandmother ( Goldberg and Adriano, 2007). We have become so accustomed to the classification of male and female that we tend to interpret gender strictly as a biological state of being. When examining the idea of gender it is easy to interpret it as a simple phenomenon. That is, ... gender is continually been re-created through" human interactions, and is the texture and order of social life." In other words, we identify the differences between male and a female based on the behavior each one of these respective...

• Word Count: 1450
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of ideological and political formulations of sexual relations. All of these women portray many insights into feminist theory, some putting forth a more realistic position, others presenting a weaker analysis of female oppression. Friedan's article is lacking entirely of any substance - a substance in which her other feminist compatriots provided bountifully. Friedan's article is set up beside Smith's article, so ... and Eisenstein's articles will be examined, as well as a comparison of some of the central topics discussed in their articles, most notably the effect of biology on female o...

• Word Count: 1318
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the place of women in society. Feminists believe that during most of history women were excluded from political participation, which leads to lack of female political power today. Regarding the pluralist theory, feminists note that due to the traditional domestic role assigned to women by men as the ... the state and the household. The ruler of the state was seen as the male in the household, while the state was seen as the female in the household. Rulers were supposed to master their states like husbands were supposed to master their wives. Furthermore, women were seen as a property ......

• Word Count: 2778
• Approx Pages: 11
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... some sociologists argue that forced marriages arranged by parents are no longer proceeding in Britain, others are sill in doubt. In particular Western feminists feel that the Islamic religion restricts female Muslims from freedom and therefore see it as patriarchal. In contrast, Black/Asian feminist writers accuse Western feminists for having ignorant "euro centric" attitudes towards an understanding of the ... families" pride. However, if she goes against the wishes of her parents, she would ruin the family's name, more specifically, the family would be labelled as "badnaam." For exam...

• Word Count: 2153
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate