... Balfour Declaration promised British support for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. In 1920 the San Remo Conference of the victorious allies placed Syria and Lebanon under French control. France believed that it was deserving of Syria based on a tradition dating back to the crusades, which was kept up by Francis I and Napoleon III. In Syria, France was the 2nd language and there were many ... enterprises in French hands such as the Joppa-Jerusalem railroad. England, however, wanted to keep France out to keep them away from ... the Suez Canal, a vital link in the defen...

• Word Count: 959
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , the army would be in serious trouble, as exemplified with the Battle of Yorktown. Another logistical problem was that the British army could not expect supplies from any area it did not occupy and also the areas Britain did occupy were too small to provision the British army.[iii] ... Therefore they had to be dependent on supplies from Britain but even this was often a major problem as the obtaining of these supplies was held up administratively. The British Treasury and ... ships were loaded at Cork and applications made in London, voyages could be delayed for weeks and sometimes mon...

• Word Count: 2345
• Approx Pages: 9
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... like Louis-Phillipe. Louis-Phillipe retarded growth as bankers and industrialists had to move cautiously behind the scenes in order to not upset the monarch. It was not until 1852, when Napoleon III came to power, that the French industrialist could emerge from the shadows. Napoleon III, however, found his own way to hinder economic progress when he established an extremely centralized government ... economic transition. German tax revenue was used to nationalize the railways, coal mines and design the education curriculum, Napoleon III did comparatively nothing in the way of state econo...

• Word Count: 3802
• Approx Pages: 15
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... neither defend their territory nor protect their people or their interests. The conflicting religious ideologies of the 16th century nearly destroyed France and sparked murderous conflict in the Netherlands and Germany. Many feared that Europe was becoming ungovernable. The massacres of Catholic Henry III of France 1589, Protestant William the Silent of the Dutch Republic 1584, and Protestant turned Catholic Henry IV of France ... 1610 after 19 failed attempts, as well as countless massacres and wars provoked by religious differences, impelled a new approach to governing. One of the new ...

• Word Count: 1362
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to avenge the defeat of 1848-1849, while seeking the adherence of exiles from the restoration of 1848 such as Daniele Manin, who formed the national society. The latter organization provided popular support for Cavour's anti-Austrian, national campaign in 1859-1860. In July 1858 Cavour met Napoleon III at Plombieres where the two plotted a war against Austria and the reorganization of the Italian peninsula. ... An enlarged Piedmont, forming a Kingdom of Northern Italy, as had emerged briefly in 1848-1840, would be united with Tuscany, a truncated Papal State, and the Kingdom of the Two S...

• Word Count: 2136
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... against their reigning monarch and wanted new freedoms, changing history forever. Fighting against the British monarchy, the American colonists desired independence and formed their own country, mapping out America's future for generations to come. The colonists were ruled by England's reigning monarch, King George III. They had become fed up with the unfair taxes on common items, such as tea and sugar, so they ... rebelled, starting with the Boston Tea Party. The Americans had ideas of equality and freedoms. Some of these equalities included freedom ... of religion, free speech, and th...

• Word Count: 569
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... along with your choice, some of which included: tax exemptions, military pensions, fishing rights, free education, and life insurance for your family if something were to happen to the sailors when they were on the job.iii Both of these helped to make the navy and merchant marine immensely popular within France. Colbert also introduced mercantilism to France, which was based on three principles ... , the first being high tariffs. By raising the taxes on foreign goods, Colbert was making it so that the subjects of the King would be more prone to purchase domestic goods. This helped ... t...

• Word Count: 1582
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Treaty (NPT) were as under: Article I: Nuclear weapon states pledge not to transfer nuclear explosive devices or the means to produce them to the non-weapon states. Article II: Non-weapon states pledge not to receive nuclear explosive devices or the means to produce them. -Article III: Non-weapon states agree to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, inspection of nuclear facilities and accounting ... of nuclear materials. Article IV: Materials related to the production of nuclear energy excluded from the ban on transfer of explosive related materials. Article V: "Peacefu...

• Word Count: 781
• Approx Pages: 3
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... leftover money at the end of each week, which they could save up to buy themselves little of life's luxuries. The peasants also gained some land, which in turn they could work on to earn extra income. One change that they were very unhappy with was the integration of the church into the state. They believed that church and state should be separate. (iii) The Clergy and ... Aristocrats were the most dissatisfied concerning the revolution. For one, the Clergy were very upset about having ... to be part of the state, up to then, church and state had been separate. Both groups were ... ...

• Word Count: 1129
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... best to look into his personal background. Probably the Cardinal's greatest assets in his rise to the top were his strong ambition and will. These characteristics can be traced back to his father, Francois Richelieu, whose own ambition and military accomplishment helped gain him the reigning King's, Henry III, favor. This rise in favor, along with the establishment of important family connections, would allow Francois ... to "tap into royal ecclesiastical patronage" . Armand eventually benefited from this by gaining the title of Bishop of Lucon. Unfortunately, before Richelieu's father ...

• Word Count: 2210
• Approx Pages: 9
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Rights. It was passed in 1689 at the end of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which also ended the entire revolution of England. The English Bill of Rights showed Parliament's determination to check the power of the monarchs that ruled. It declared Parliament the supreme political force in England, and spelled out the rights that each and every Englishman should enjoy. William III from Holland, who was invited to ... take the throne in England, agreed to the constitutional monarchy that the revolution produced and signed the Bill of Rights that limited his powers. It ... ...

• Word Count: 4395
• Approx Pages: 18
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... free and happy, have equal rights and free from the miseries of hunger and poverty iii. France became governed by people who considered themselves revolutionaries, and acknowledged the inspiration of the principles which were established in 1789. Principles such as the abolishment of the feudal system, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, were seen as the most effective means of protecting peoples rights of liberty ... , property and security. The ideas of these principles were not new, the foundation of ... ...

• Word Count: 1872
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... in 1645, but the negotiations, primarily a concession to the war-weary peoples of western Europe, remained fruitless for a protracted period. After central Bavaria was invaded, however, Maximilian I of Bavaria concluded, on March 14, 1647, the Truce of Ulm, with Sweden and France. Despite these and other reverses, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III refused to surrender. Desultory ... fighting continued in Germany, Luxembourg, the Low Countries, Italy, and Spain throughout the remainder of 1647. In the fall of 1647 Maximilian I reentered the war on the side of the empire. Another army of B...

• Word Count: 2101
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate