... nothing new. Freedom of speech has long been a strong argument against censorship of entertainment and communication. Since the 1950s, there have been many bills passed to prevent explicit lyrics in music. Repeatedly, however, the courts have denied legislation to ban or bring criminal charges based on the production or sale of artistic expression because of constitutional rights. In 1992, one bill finally seemed ... report from that same year by the Meese Commission agreed. It acknowledged that its concerns about minors' access to pornography were based on morality, not science. Natura...

• Word Count: 896
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Being unmarried and independent, Susan, was an exceedingly vigorous campaigner and organizer. She became the face and name of the Women's Suffrage Movement, so much so, that the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is also known as the Susan B. Anthony amendment. A political partnership along with a dynamic friendship formed between Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Together they accomplished many Women ... by since it was socially untraditional. However, the women who were fortunate enough to get an education made crusades to help more women become educated. Women such a...

• Word Count: 2704
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

On Patriotism and What It Means To Me While patriotism in its truest sense is only a minor evil, in America it has been blown out of proportion into an incredible engine of tyranny ... forces of the United States . . . shall be punished by a fine of $10,000 or imprisonment of twenty years, or both." Worse and more damaging an emotion to our rights then blind acceptance though is apathy. If one just lies back while the government runs it own course under the umbrella excuse of patriotism, I believe, we the ... One with a three-pronged attack of the judicial, executive, and legislative branche...

• Word Count: 303
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... the proposals and recommend how it should be written in the constitution. It is a period of community debate. The commonwealth parliament must pass a bill to allow for a referendum and the questions to be put on the ballot paper. The Governor-General will call a referendum after the bill is passed through both houses by an absolute majority in exactly the same form. However ... , section 128 allows for the bill to be passed through only one house if the other chamber obstructs the same bill twice after three months between each submission. A referendum is a form of direct democracy which...

• Word Count: 361
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... traditions and power, while allowing a central government that can handle common problems. The basic principle of American Federalism is fixed in the Tenth Amendment (ratified in 1791) to the Constitution which states: America has throughout its history seen federalism defined in a variety of patterns. Co-operative federalism--this assumes that the two levels of government are ... the government service providers. The benefits of governmental choice and competition are visible at all levels of government. Overtaxed New Yorkers shop in New Jersey, they influenced New York to provide tax-...

• Word Count: 1135
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... actors they encompass are not easily placed within the parameters of a legal society such as the United States. This is perhaps why it is so difficult to take a clear stance on the issue. Although the highest legal body in this country has ruled on the issue the debate remains. Is physician-assisted ... suicide a legal and moral act in which any given person, in any specific situation should be able to partake in? I believe the answer is yes, and it is why I would have decided the Supreme Court cases of Washington v. Glucksberg and Quill v. Vacco ... I believe the court was incorrect in ...

• Word Count: 908
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... A). Since sovereignty lied within the individual states and not the national government, the Articles had no way of enforcing this tax. In order to solve the United State's debt problem, money was printed excessively. However, this did not help the country, but caused major currency issues, ... who felt unjustly treated by the Articles. Events such as the Newburgh Conspiracy demonstrated this dissatisfaction. Many soldiers had considerable money owed to them for their services in the war, and with the bankruptcy of the Articles, the officers of the military were skeptical and feared .....

• Word Count: 757
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... , and seize the property in question. It is rightfully this way because of the protections that the Fourth Amendment provides. The Fourth Amendment states that "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath ... or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized". The Fourth Amendment applies to all governmental agencies, agents or anyone acting on their beh...

• Word Count: 615
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... leading testimony. In 1965 the Supreme Court was mostly concerned with preventing hearsay and making sure all witnesses were cross- examined when it came to the right of confrontation. In Pointer vs. Texas the complaining witness had testified in a preliminary hearing, where he was not cross-examined ... upon expert testimony presented by the state, that the testimony in a courtroom of the alleged victim and other children who were alleged to have been sexually abused by the accused would result in each child's suffering serious emotional distress such that the child could not ... that, ...

• Word Count: 1115
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... get a man elected in the United States, in his time that wasn't applicable because you were born a leader. Machiavelli wrote of it to be good to be generous but said that a reputation of it will harm you, stating that nothing will use itself up quicker than generosity (41). The ... candidates of today present themselves on generosity, explaining what they have done in the past and what they plan to do in the future. Machiavelli also suggests that a morally good person wouldn't last long in a high office. Presently you can't be elected ... American leaders show this by having a strong mil...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... get a man elected in the United States, in his time that wasn't applicable because you were born a leader. Machiavelli wrote of it to be good to be generous but said that a reputation of it will harm you, stating that nothing will use itself up quicker than generosity (41). The ... candidates of today present themselves on generosity, explaining what they have done in the past and what they plan to do in the future. Machiavelli also suggests that a morally good person wouldn't last long in a high office. Presently you can't be elected ... American leaders show this by having a strong mil...

• Word Count: 1205
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... strives for the same guarantees, the framers" motives were drastically different. The framers of the Constitution placed a greater emphasis on equal representation in the national government as opposed to today's quest for leaders to be held accountable for their actions. During the drafting of the Constitution, people were more concerned with whether or not political leaders would not look out for the ... have the state governments retain most of the decision-making abilities. One of the biggest factors behind this initiative was slave owning. Delegates who did not even own slaves vote...

• Word Count: 1575
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... symbols, or by just talking. Given a particular situation, one or a combination of these means might prove more effective than the others in making an individual's feelings, beliefs, or whishes known to others. Do these everyday procedures of communication fall under "special context for the First Amendment?" If so, the amount of people and things that can be affected is immense. What ... students, all sides of the matter were not acknowledged. This "Hazelwood Standard" that has been created by the Supreme Court, will adversely affect all student press organizations and individuals. Acc...

• Word Count: 1030
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... democracy, because they showed that one man is just as good as another is. Harriet Martineau's report on her visit to the United States explains her astonishment to see the actual intelligence of the common man and the decrease in poverty as a result of a larger middle-class ... United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In creating a more democratic country, Jackson tried and succeeded to establish equal economic opportunity for the people of America. The Bank of United States was seen as the principal economic problem under...

• Word Count: 923
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... that the Northern United States' economy was much more powerful than the Southern economy, and the gap between the two economies was going to do nothing but grow. The largely capitalist North was rapidly producing and exporting, generating large sums of money all while expanding at ... more or less self-sufficient concerning food and other fundamental materials. With over 20 million people, the Northern economy was clearly the superlative to any other region in the United States, and therefore would command the most political authority. The Southern economy, on the other hand, ... in pol...

• Word Count: 1236
• Approx Pages: 5
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... record, which, however, was too often marred by unprincipled agents, both military and civilian, in the local offices. Its efforts toward establishing the freed blacks as landowners were nil. To a great degree the bureau operated as a political machine, organizing the black vote for the Republican party; its political activities made it thoroughly hated in the South. When, under the ... amendment looked something, though obviously not completely, like this: "Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned among the several states which may be included within this Union, according ...

• Word Count: 1793
• Approx Pages: 7
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... of the states. Circumstances of Index Offense During the early hours of June 21, 2000, Eric Clark, a seventeen-year-old armed with a firearm, circled a Flagstaff, Arizona neighborhood in his pickup truck blaring loud music. Officer Jeffery Moritz received several noise complaints and responded to the scene; in uniform. Moritz pulled Clark over in his marked patrol car with his emergency lights on, and asked ... Clark to remain in his car. In less than a minute, Clark had shot and killed Moritz, and fled to scene. Shortly thereafter, Clark was charged with first-degree murder for ... be...

• Word Count: 1113
• Approx Pages: 4
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... unpleasant that the person's work is affected. The harassment may consist of asking sexual favors, making sexual comments, telling sexual jokes, or displaying pornographic pictures. United States federal courts began to recognize a link between sexual harassment and job discrimination in 1976. In 1986, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled for the first time that sexual harassment is a form of ... ...

• Word Count: 309
• Approx Pages: 1
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and that "the accused shall have the Assistance of Counsel" rights which were put in jeopardy in that case through official overbearing. The minority ruling consisted of Justice Clark, who stated that "I am unable to join the majority because its opinion goes too far on too little, while my dissenting brethren do not go quite far enough. Nor can I join in the ... Court's criticism of the present practices of police and investigatory agencies as to custodial interrogation." Then by the end of the case the majority became the minority with justices" Harlan, Stewart, and white dissenting a...

• Word Count: 1732
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Education is in fact, in violation of the 10th Amendment. The Department of Education is unconstitutional. Many Americans don't have the financial resources to put their children into private schools, and because typically both parents are working, they can't be home-schooled either. I believe that the ... States. The problem with the push of math and science is that as one area flourishes another tends to decline. I believe that the areas of art, music, and dance took the fall as math and science grew. Consider what direction education would have taken if students could ... study what ...

• Word Count: 1563
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... free flow of spoken or written words, these rights are still being destroyed by those who think that they have the authority to judge certain music as impure, offensive, or obscene. The word to "censor" means, "to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable"(par.1). The question that remains is what is considered offensive material and who is making the ... have designated themselves representatives of the American people, and have made attempts to aggress recording artists and companies. Many people, who would like to expurgate creative expression, are simply...

• Word Count: 1335
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Christian background. Though influenced by Christian morals, Jefferson firmly believed that church and state should stay separate entities. Jefferson remained vocal on this issue, submitting in 1779 a Bill to Establish Religious Freedom. The Commonwealth of Virginia did not approve the bill until 1786.16 Though well meant, some interpreted Jefferson's call for complete religious freedom negatively. Called ... popularly called "Obamacare." Executive director of "Conscience Cause", Christen Varley says in an open letter 24. "After the passing of the Obamacare, millions of Americans are ab...

• Word Count: 3342
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... time the U.S. government attempted to respond to the situation, it had already built up to an undesirable level, making it all the more difficult to form restrictive policies. Additionally, while Mexican immigration had gone unnoticed over a number of years thus making it harder to prohibit, there was also a demand by U.S. businesses for cheap Mexican labor. For example, Victor S. Clark speaks of the benefit of ... having Mexican workers by saying that, "His strongest point is his willingness to work for a low wage and they aren't troublemakers like the whites" (Reisler, pg. ... 25). T...

• Word Count: 1597
• Approx Pages: 6
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and has subsequently had great impact on all other Supreme Court cases that are argued on the basis of the Eighth Amendment to the Constitution. To begin, the background of the case and the opinions of the Justices, consenting and dissenting, must be analyzed. Then we ... to pursue further a career of unlawful activity than to place him on the stigma of the derelict certainly it will not insulate society from the deserter." Justice Frankenfurter, joined by Justice Burton, Clark, and Harlan dissented from the majority. Frankenfurter wrote for the minority, and gave two reasons to ... di...

• Word Count: 3202
• Approx Pages: 13
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . Being unmarried and independent, Susan, was an exceedingly vigorous campaigner and organizer. She became the face and name of the Women's Suffrage Movement, so much so, that the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is also known as the Susan B. Anthony amendment. A political partnership along with a dynamic friendship formed between Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. Together they accomplished many Women ... by since it was socially untraditional. However, the women who were fortunate enough to get an education made crusades to help more women become educated. Women such a...

• Word Count: 2702
• Approx Pages: 11
• Grade Level: Undergraduate