... 1981). According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987), textbook evaluation is basically a straightforward, analytical matching process: matching needs to available solutions. Though providing food for thought, checklists and questionnaires like these have probably had little real influence on textbook evaluation in terms of either ELT reviewing practice or educational decision making. ... included in course outline. Receptive skills before productive (listen/read before speak/write). - Integrates different learning styles: aural, oral, visual, kinesthetic. - Incorporates and varies different m...

• Word Count: 1475
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... marked the beginning of the modern period in European history and was fueled by a wide range of reasons. Although there were many reasons for this huge exploration, three main reasons appeared over and over again. The dominant three factors of the European Renaissance that prompted and promoted the ... revival of learning and the development that went along with it, the development of trade and commerce, and the rise of nation states. For more than two centuries before Columbus, Europeans started to become enthused with the ancient spirit of learning. The people rediscovered the ancient c...

• Word Count: 895
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... Lagarde was voted in (Rooney) "Minister Lagarde's exceptional talent and broad experience will provide invaluable leadership for this indispensable institution at a critical time for the global economy," Geithner said (Rooney). Lagarde will succeed Dominque Strauss-Kahn, who was recently arrested in New York for sexual assault. Lagarde is the first woman to hold this position and was selected by a consensus vote ... "I am deeply honored have the trust placed in me by the Executive Board. I would like to thank the Fund's global membership warmly for the broad-based support I have received...

• Word Count: 519
• Approx Pages: 2
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... levels of ability. The use of steroids is one of the biggest issues in the current debate weather or not it is fair for drug-free athletes to have to compete with athletes that break the law and take illegal steroids. Allowing those with an unfair advantage ... remove anabolic steroids from competitive sports is through systematic drug testing. Athletes who fail the steroid test will be prohibited from competing. While testing for anabolic steroids is not perfect, it does remove, or at least identified steroid-users in their sports and also serves as the most ... effective deterrent to ...

• Word Count: 888
• Approx Pages: 4
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... years; strong immigration trends resulting to new household formations; increasing homeownership rates; an aging housing stock (approximately 36% of existing home were built before 1960); and better financing options for buyers. The Homeownership Alliance predicts that these demand drivers will lead to 1.85 to 2.17 million new U.S. housing starts per year through 2013. In addition, evidence exists which ... imply that supply constraints will aid in stabilizing new home demand even if the housing market becomes disagreeable. Recent low mortgage interest rates have dramatically increased h...

• Word Count: 1565
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... man who by superior art or craft could adom the palace or entertain the court. Man came gladly to contribute to the royal pleasure for by it made a name for them, as well as obtained a comfortable living. Through their art they stirred the imagination of man throughout Europe to awaken hem to ... Consequently, the artist fails to get recognition and maternal rewards which are the main motive sources behind his work. Inspiration alone is not enough for the artist to work; inspiration that leads to perspiration on his part is governed by the expectation of recognition and reward. Thus go...

• Word Count: 793
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... to support domestic demand" (Castillo). The conservative leaders, mainly those from the United Kingdom, South Korea, and Germany, voted in favor of austerity. As predicted, they called for budget cuts to mend frivolous fiscal policies and restore confidence. President Lee Myung-bak from South Korea said, "The countries in crisis will have to find measures that might be ... struggles by implementing a more integrated financial system and improving economic growth. The European Union announced a plan to coordinate banking union rather than leaving struggling countries to fend for themselv...

• Word Count: 1321
• Approx Pages: 5
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... as depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. It affects what may be the "most important of the brain chemicals in reducing sexual behaviors." (Smithson) The use of drug treatment for hormonal and chemical imbalances is a reversible procedure, whereas castration is not (Lacayo, 1992). Lastly, rehabilitation is not necessarily achieved through surgical castration because the purpose of ... members (Bertrand, 1999). There are very few side effects of this drug, especially compared to other recommended pharmacological approaches (Bertrand, 1999). Triptorelin does still have some drawbac...

• Word Count: 3037
• Approx Pages: 12
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... with European countries will remain and the uncertainty arising from a floating exchange rate will also continue to be apparent. Whilst this is unlikely to make a significant difference for UK businesses buying continental European exports, it could well affect the number of UK exports being purchased by continental European companies. Basically, UK exports will be more expensive ... challenges of globalisation. Revolutionary new technologies and the Internet explosion are transforming the world economy. Meeting in Lisbon in March 2000, the European Council adopted a comprehensive stra...

• Word Count: 2058
• Approx Pages: 8
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... World. With an increase in population and a decrease in food supply as a result of the wool-cloth market, the English began to look overseas for solutions for more land, less reliance on foreigners for staple products, jobs, and profit for those with money invested in small companies of merchants. Due to all the "perks" of exploration, it is fair to conclude that the exploration ... -cloth industry. Initially, the merchants did the work individually, but eventually individual merchants formed larger companies supported by the king or queen. These small companies received monopolies from ...

• Word Count: 599
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... they may enter the skin, reach the bloodstream and vital organs (Tisserand, 2002, p 207); they may also be inhaled, or inserted into a bodily orifice. Aromatherapy may be applied for various mental, emotional, and physical conditions including "burns, severe bacterial infections, insomnia, depression, hypertension, and arrhythmias (irregular heart beat)- (Stevenson, 1999, p 139). On the other ... taken into account, as they are serious: essential oils may incur neural damage, abortive consequences, allergic reactions, and liver damage (143). These reasons have been proposed for the admi...

• Word Count: 1423
• Approx Pages: 6
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... 's most important contributions to the history of art are the invention of abstraction (art that does not imitate the appearance of things), the introduction of a wide range of new artistic techniques and materials, and even the redefinition of the boundaries of art itself. This article covers some of the theories used to interpret modern art, the origins of modern art in ... ...

• Word Count: 561
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... much controversy placed on male circumcision, there is none more placed than on female genital modification. There are many arguments, pro and con, for the various modifications. However, from its original roots in anti-masturbation hysteria, male circumcision continues in English-speaking western countries. Such countries included are the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, because ... of beliefs and fears about hygiene, physical ailment, appearance and sexuality, and refutation of the pain of infant circumcision. Other countries however, such as parts of Egypt, Eastern Af...

• Word Count: 722
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... alarming 15 years of age. Women and children were expected to work up to 16 hours a day and doing labor that could cause serious injury, like carrying extremely heavy loads. For their work, they were paid ridiculous wages, women around 5 shillings per week, and children about 1. One can easily recognize the negative aspects of such a dramatic event. However, if one "steps ... improve the way people were producing goods. Machines such as the cotton gin, water frame, power loom, and spinning jenny allowed textile products to be produced in mass quantities. These techniques of mass-product...

• Word Count: 628
• Approx Pages: 3
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... numbers of animals that have suffered serious damage during the process of experimentation and are unable to understand the actual laboratory procedures and techniques that go into testing cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Animal testing is an unnecessarily cruel and inaccurate process that should not be used to test ... more than 100,000 humans die from drugs that were successfully passed by animal testing. " Animals are tested on for vitamin deficiency, life support systems and surgical techniques (Animal Experimentation"). A chemical of choice is forced by tube into the animals' stomach...

• Word Count: 1740
• Approx Pages: 7
• Has Bibliography
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Effects of the Industrial Revolution The impact of the Industrial Revolution was a positive experience for some, but it was a great difficulty for others. Because of the demands for reform and protection for workers arose, government and unions began to take place. Although, the Industrial Revolution was beneficial to the progress of the world from the 1800s, personal sacrifices had to be made ... up to 16 hours a day and perform tasks that included carrying extremely heavy loads. The work conditions were very dangerous, and often times, there were no safety devices. In addition, for their w...

• Word Count: 482
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... . The latter was purely existing in this bargaining process and showed the strength of the European Union in the trade regime. The Visagrad Countries were the regime takers, and suffered for their weak bargaining position. Another point was, that the European Agreemants had to be ratified in each member country just as constitutional changes have to, which illustrates the strong role ... ...

• Word Count: 335
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

Pre-Clovis Controversy For many years, history books have stated that the first Americans entered by way of the Bering land bridge during the last ice age, around 11,000-13,000 BC. These people who came over the land bridge and moved southward are generally called part of the Clovis tradition. ...

• Word Count: 287
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... English def. catholic rivals and won most of north america leading to anti - catholicism taking root in american soil. A Christian witness to the native Americans was one of the reasons for establishing Jamestown. The effect of the Protestant Reformation was great influence of religion to the new world. Most importantly, it gave a chance to those who wanted to practice their own ... ...

• Word Count: 274
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... multinationals, rather than monocultural influence through Europe. What I would like to add is that the word America is the biggest propaganda of the US. That is, America was really called for the entire continent, but now, it seems as if any country other than the US of "America" is none existent. Now a day, if you were to mention America, people will ... ...

• Word Count: 250
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... was not the case during the colonial periods, as the masses were kept out of schools and forced to work, whereas upper class people sent their children back to Europe for an education. Here, we can still see this trend persisting even today, as wealthier people tend to give their children a better educational opportunity abroad. Without a doubt, the mentality of people ... ...

• Word Count: 280
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... lives. The impact of technology on these elements can change how safe, healthy and happy people feel. Throughout history, people have looked for better ways to meet their needs and to satisfy their expectations. Technology has improved the way people feed, clothe and shelter themselves. ... stone blades to improve their hunting. Yet some people call the current age the "Technological Age" because of society's dependence on technology. For the first time in human history, almost all the goods and services people use depend on technology. The products of technology are available to ... usi...

• Word Count: 586
• Approx Pages: 2
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... tobacco led to the great impact of Europe taking a step forward into the future of historical modernization. I feel as if within the context of this paper, "modern" can be taken for several different things. It can be taken as the modernization of the changing diversity of the human races and cultures, which led to a new kind of race awareness on the ... ...

• Word Count: 318
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... one another, breaking at the ends to form diamond shaped patterns. Simple geometric patterns such as this characterized much of the early Celtic period or Bronze Age, which established a basis for abstract art that would develop over time. ...

• Word Count: 283
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate

... and Boniface VIII had with secular rulers differed. Thus, different achievements resulted from their dealings with secular rulers. The leaders of the church held tremendous responsibility. The papacy was responsible for conducting foreign policy with various kingdoms as well as dealing with European rulers to insure smooth means of governance function. Innocent III held the ideals that a separation was needed between ... ...

• Word Count: 358
• Approx Pages: 1
• Grade Level: Undergraduate